Main Categories

1.1 General

This Standard covers chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC) pipe, tubing, and fittings in the following sizes and uses:

a) SDR 11, and Schedules 40 and 80 pipe in pipe sizes whose dimension ratio does not exceed 11, for use in hot- and cold-water distribution systems at a maximum working pressure of 690 kPa and a maximum working temperature of 82 °C; and

b) SDR 13.5 and SDR 21 for use only in cold-water distribution and water service systems at a maximum working pressure of 2170 kPa and 1380 kPa, respectively, and a maximum working temperature of 23 °C.

Note: This Standard does not specify requirements for venting of combustion gases. In Canada, ULC S636 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases. In the United States, UL 1738 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases.

1.2 Requirements

This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions and tolerances, hydrostatic sustained pressure strength, thermocycling resistance, solvent cement, joint strength, and markings.

1.1 Scope of this Standard

This Standard specifies requirements for thermoplastic pressure piping. It includes reference publications, definitions, abbreviations, general requirements for materials and manufactured pipe and fittings, relevant test methods, and marking requirements.

Notes:

1) The terms “pipe” and “piping” are used interchangeably in the CSA B137 Series.

2) The terms “tube” and “tubing” are used interchangeably in the CSA B137 Series.

3) The terms "pipe” and “piping” are not interchangeable with the terms “tube” and “tubing” in the CSA B137 Series except where noted within the specific product standard.

4) This Standard does not specify requirements for venting of combustion gases. In Canada, ULC S636 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases. In the United States, UL 1738 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases.

1.2 Intent of this Standard

This Standard is intended to be used in conjunction with one of the other Standards in the CSA B137 Series to form a complete Standard for a particular product.

1.1 Purpose

This Standard is intended to support the use of technology in the provision of home and community care, and in making investments that will improve the quality of care while prioritizing the safety, security, and privacy of both clients and care providers and their personal health information.

1.2 Application

The standard provides requirements and recommendations for technology to support the continuum of care of clients being supported in the home and community care settings. This includes, but is not limited to mechanisms for evaluation, selection, procurement, infrastructure requirements, set-up, implementation, information management, data management, data entry, transfer, storage, emergency planning, communication and maintenance.

This standard is intended for all those who are directly or indirectly associated with the support and use of technology in home and community care environments. This includes governments, institutions (both public and private), service providers, other partners (e.g., designers, manufacturers, suppliers), clients and their care partners assisting in home and community care.

1.3 Limitations

This Standard does not address requirements for

a)    HCC technology purchased privately;

Note: HCC technology purchased privately as part of a contract with an HCC organization will be subject to the requirements of the standard.

b)   the management of medications, medication devices and systems, and medication reconciliation (see CAN/HSO 34014:2019);

c)    home hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis (see CSA Z364.5 and CSA Z364.6).

Note: This standard is complementary to CSA Z364.5 and Z364.6.

d)   direct client care; and

Note: Direct client care includes professional practice guidance (e.g. wound care by nurse) and clinical care.

e)    The standard will apply in general to the HCC technology which incorporate AI  however does not specifically look at the unique considerations likely required for technology of this nature.

Note: This is considering the urgency of how AI is shaping health care.

1.4 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.5 Units of measure

The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.

1.1 General

This Standard covers polyethylene (PE) pipe and tubing, and fittings for use in transporting potable or non-potable water in applications such as water mains, water service lines, building supply lines, wastewater forcemains, reclaimed water, irrigation, district energy, or water-based ground source geothermal systems, in either buried, submerged, or above-ground installations.

1.2 Requirements

This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions, sustained pressure, environmental stress cracking, and markings.

1.1 General

This Standard covers rigid polyvinylchloride (PVC) injection-moulded fittings that have gasketed joints and are intended for use in pressure applications such as water mains, water service piping, process piping, and fire lines. Fittings covered by this Standard are suitable for use with PVC pipes having outside diameter dimensions of cast iron pipe. Only one pressure rating, 1620 kPa at 23 °C (PC 235), is covered in this Standard and is suitable for use with compatible outside diameter PVC pipes having a dimension ratio (DR) of 18 or more.

Note: Where PVC fittings are to be used in applications other than those involving water, the manufacturer should be consulted.

1.2 Requirements

This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, long-term performance under sustained hydrostatic pressure, dimensions, markings, and injection-moulding quality.

1.1 General

This Standard covers rigid polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe and fittings intended for use in pressure applications such as water mains, water service piping, and process piping. The fittings covered by this Standard include moulded, solvent-cemented, gasketed, or threaded fittings, and fittings that have been fabricated for use with any joining method.

Notes:

Where PVC pipe and fittings are to be used in non-water applications, the manufacturer should be consulted.

This Standard does not specify requirements for venting of combustion gases. In Canada, ULC S636 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases. In the United States, UL 1738 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases.

1.2 Requirements

This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions, solvent cement, and markings for pipe and fittings. Requirements for hydrostatic sustained pressure, extrusion, impact resistance, and quality are also specified for pipe.

1.1 General

This Standard covers molecularly oriented polyvinylchloride (PVCO) pipe intended for use in pressure applications such as water mains, sewer force mains, and process piping.

Note: This Standard does not address chemical compatibility between PVCO pipe and process fluids. Where PVCO pipe is to be used in non-water applications, the manufacturer should be consulted.

1.2 Joining method

PVCO complying with this Standard is not suitable for solvent cementing and is intended to be joined by gasketed joints.

1.3 Requirements

This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions, markings, hydrostatic sustained pressure, extrusion, impact resistance, and quality for PVCO pipe.

1.1 General

This Standard covers polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) macrocomposite pipe consisting of a welded aluminum tube laminated by a melt adhesive to layers of polyethylene (PE) inside and outside the aluminum tube. The pipes covered in this Standard are pressure rated for 1380 kPa at 23 °C, 1035 kPa at 60 °C, or 690 kPa at 82 °C.

Systems are intended for use in potable water distribution systems or other applications, including municipal water service lines, reclaimed water distribution, radiant panel heating systems, hydronic baseboard heating systems, snow and ice melting systems, building services piping, compressed air distribution, ground source geothermal systems, underground irrigation, and compressed gas distribution (not including fuel gases), provided that the PE-AL-PE systems comply with the applicable code requirements. Residential and commercial systems are included.

Note: The complete structure, consisting of the aluminum, melt adhesive, and layers of PE intimately bonded together, is known as pipe. For the purposes of this Standard, the layer of welded aluminum, or the internal or external layer of PE, is known as a tube. Tubes, intimately bonded together by the melt adhesive, form a pipe.

1.2 Requirements

The Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions, thermocycling resistance, sustained pressure performance, delamination resistance, and marking.

Notes:

1) In developing the hydrostatic design basis for PE-AL-PE pipes, in accordance with CSA B137.0, pressure has been substituted for fibre stress.

2) The pressure rating of PE-AL-PE pipes is contingent on the thickness of the aluminum metal reinforcing layer.

Pipes having the same dimension ratio but different metal reinforcing layer thicknesses will have different pressure ratings. The dimension ratio therefore cannot be used, as it is with homogeneous walled pipes, to assess changes in pressure rating with wall thickness variation.

1.1 General

This Standard covers polyethylene (PE) pipe and tubing, and plastic and metal fittings for use in gas mains and services, including gathering, transmission, and distribution of fuel gases containing not more than 1% aromatic hydrocarbons.

1.2 Fittings and connections

This Standard covers all types of fittings and connections used in PE gas pipelines, including

plastic-to-metal transition fittings;

plastic component fittings (e.g., elbows, tees, end caps, and valves); and

clamps and couplings.

Notes:

In this Standard, “pipe” refers to pipe having IPS outside diameters and “tubing” refers to pipe having copper tube size outside diameters.

In this Standard, test requirements for pipe apply to both pipe and tubing.

1.3 Applicability to gas distribution systems

This Standard specifies the manufacturing and testing requirements necessary to ensure that the PE compound, pipe, and fittings are of a quality acceptable for use in gas distribution systems. This Standard specifies requirements for

primary properties of the compound;

physical properties of the finished product;

on-line monitoring during production;

shipping and storage; and

markings.

Note: The user of the pipe, tubing, or fittings should refer to CSA Z662 for design and installation limitations of products covered by this Standard.

1.1 General

This Standard covers socket- and saddle-type polyethylene (PE) electrofusion fittings that are used to join PE pipe where the heat source is an integral part of the fitting.

Note: Fittings covered by this Standard are connected to an electrical power source during the fusion process. Power sources, cables, and electrical connections are covered by the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I and Part II, as appropriate.

1.2 Intended use

PE electrofusion fittings covered by this Standard are intended for use with PE pipe that complies with CSA B137.4.

1.3 Requirements

This Standard specifies general requirements for materials, performance, manufactured fittings, specimen preparation, test methods, markings, and quality of work.

Notes:

In this Standard, “pipe” refers to pipe having IPS outside diameters and “tubing” refers to pipe having copper tube outside diameters.

In this Standard, test requirements for pipe apply to both pipe and tubing.

1.1 General

This Standard covers crosslinked polyethylene/aluminum/crosslinked polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) macrocomposite pipe consisting of a welded aluminum (AL) tube laminated by a melt adhesive to layers of crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) inside and outside the aluminum tube. This Standard also covers fittings (connectors) for use with PEX-AL-PEX pipe. The pipes covered in this Standard are pressure rated for 1380 kPa at 23 °C or 860 kPa at 82 °C, or both.

Systems are intended for use in potable water distribution systems or other applications, including municipal water service lines, reclaimed water distribution, radiant panel heating systems, hydronic baseboard heating systems, snow and ice melting systems, building services piping, compressed air distribution, ground source geothermal systems, underground irrigation, and compressed gas distribution (not including fuel gases), provided that the PEX-AL-PEX systems comply with the applicable code requirements. Residential and commercial systems are included.

Note: The complete structure, consisting of the aluminum, melt adhesive, and layers of crosslinked polyethylene intimately bonded together, is known as pipe. For the purposes of this Standard, the layer of welded aluminum, or the internal and external layer of crosslinked polyethylene, is known as a tube. Tubes, intimately bonded together by the melt adhesive, form a pipe.

1.2 Requirements

This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions, thermocycling resistance, sustained pressure performance, delamination resistance, and marking.

Notes:

In developing the hydrostatic design basis for PEX-AL-PEX pipes, in accordance with CSA B137.0, pressure has been substituted for fibre stress.

The pressure rating of PEX-AL-PEX pipes is contingent on the thickness of the aluminum metal reinforcing layer. Pipes having the same dimension ratio but different metal reinforcing layer thicknesses will have different pressure ratings. The dimension ratio therefore cannot be used, as it is with homogeneous walled pipes, to assess changes in pressure rating with wall thickness variation.

1.1 General

This Standard specifies requirements for polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) tubing systems that comprise tubing, with or without a barrier layer, and fittings.

Tubing covered by this Standard is made in SDR 9.

Systems are pressure rated at two temperatures: 1105 kPa at 23 °C and 690 kPa at 82 °C. Systems are intended for use in potable water distribution systems or other applications, including municipal water service lines, building supply lines, reclaimed water distribution, radiant panel heating and cooling systems, hydronic baseboard heating systems, snow and ice melting heating systems, building services piping, compressed air distribution, and ground source geothermal systems, provided that the PE-RT tubing systems covered in this Standard comply with the applicable code requirements. Residential and commercial systems are included.

Note: The requirements and test methods specified in this Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This Standard does not purport to address all potential safety problems associated with its use. Before using this Standard, users are responsible for establishing appropriate health and safety practices and determining the applicability of any regulatory limitations.

1.2 Requirements

This Standard specifies requirements for

materials;

quality of work;

tubing;

metal components of mechanical fittings;

fittings;

interior liners;

dimensions;

hydrostatic capability;

marking for tubing and fittings; and

marking for flexible pre-insulated tubing.

1.1 General

This Standard covers crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) pipe and fittings for use in gas mains and services, including gas gathering, gas transmission, and distribution of fuel gases.

1.2 Pipe

This Standard covers PEX pipes in metric nominal sizes DN 16 to DN 1000 or nominal pipe sizes NPS-3 to NPS-54 that are

pressure-rated using the hydrostatic design basis (HDB) rating method specified in ASTM D2837 or the minimum required strength (MRS) rating method specified in ISO 9080 and ISO 12162;

intended for operating temperatures between –50 and 110 °C; and

joined by PEX electrofusion fittings or by mechanical fittings, but not by butt fusion.

1.3 Joints

This Standard includes requirements for joints made between PEX pipe and PE electrofusion fittings compliant with ASTM F3373.

1.4 Pipe exclusions

This Standard does not cover pipes intended to be joined by butt fusion, socket fusion, or saddle fusion.

1.5 Fittings

Fittings to be used with PEX pipe manufactured to this Standard are in accordance with ASTM F2829. Fittings covered in this Standard include

plastic-to-metal transition fittings;

electrofusion fittings (e.g., couplings, elbows, tees, and end caps); and

mechanical couplings.

1.6 Requirements

This Standard specifies requirements for

primary properties of the PE compound;

physical properties of the finished PEX pipe;

on-line monitoring during production;

shipping and storage; and

markings.

Note: See CSA Z662 for design and installation limitations of products covered by this Standard.

1.1 General

This Standard covers polyamide (PA) pipe, tubing, and fittings for use in gas mains and services, including the gathering, transmission, and distribution of gases that can contain aromatic hydrocarbons.

1.2 Fittings and connections

This Standard covers all types of fittings and connections used in PA piping systems for gas services, including plastic-to-metal transition fittings, plastic component fittings (e.g., elbows, tees, end caps, and valves), and clamps and couplings.

Notes:

In this Standard, “pipe” refers to pipe having NPS outside diameters and “tubing“ refers to pipe having NTS outside diameters.

In this Standard, test requirements for pipe apply to both pipe and tubing.

1.3 Requirements

This Standard specifies the manufacturing and testing requirements necessary to ensure that the PA compound, pipe, and fittings are of a quality acceptable for use in gas distribution systems. This Standard specifies requirements for

a) primary properties of the compound;

b) physical properties of the finished product;

c) on-line monitoring during production;

d) shipping and storage; and

e) markings.

Note: The user of the pipe, tubing, or fittings should refer to CSA Z662 for design and installation limitations of products covered by this Standard.

1.1 Inclusions

1.1.1 General

This Standard specifies requirements for crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) tubing systems that comprise tubing with or without an optional oxygen barrier layer, and fittings.

Tubing covered by this Standard is made in SDR 9.

1.1.2 Pressure ratings

Tubing systems covered by this Standard are pressure rated at 23 °C, 82 °C, and 93 °C, and have a maximum pressure rating of 690 kPa at 82 °C (Table A.1 shows pressure ratings at each temperature).

1.1.3 Applications

Tubing systems covered by this Standard are intended for use in residential and commercial potable water distribution systems and other applications, including municipal water service lines, building supply lines, reclaimed water distribution, radiant panel heating and cooling systems, hydronic baseboard heating systems, snow and ice melting heating systems, building services piping, compressed air distribution, and ground source geothermal systems, provided that the PEX tubing systems comply with the applicable code requirements.

Note: The requirements and test methods specified in this Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. Users of this Standard are responsible for establishing appropriate safety and health practices and determining the applicability of regulatory limitations before using this Standard.

1.2 Requirements

This Standard specifies requirements for

materials;

quality of work;

tubing;

metal components of fittings;

fittings;

interior liners;

dimensions;

hydrostatic capability;

marking for tubing and fittings; and

marking for flexible pre-insulated tubing.

1.1 General

This Standard covers two types of polypropylene (PP) pipe and fittings – polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R) and polypropylene random copolymer with modified crystallinity and temperature resistance (PP-RCT) intended for use in pressure applications such as hot and cold potable water distribution systems, process piping, reclaimed/recycled water systems, water service, building supply lines, hydronic heating and cooling, and geothermal systems. Piping system components covered by this Standard are classified based on dimension ratio in sizes NPS-3/8 to NPS-28, and are joined using socket-type heat-fusion joints, saddle welding joints (fusion outlet), electrofusion joints, and butt fusion.

Piping covered by this Standard with minimum hydrostatic pressure ratings of 1105 kPa at 23 °C and 690 kPa at 82 °C are intended for use in plumbing applications. Pipes with different DRs can have higher or lower pressure ratings for other applications.

1.2 Requirements

This Standard specifies requirements for materials, dimensions, hydrostatic sustained pressure performance, longitudinal reversion, apparent tensile strength, oxidative resistance, and marking.

This document provides design requirements to ensure the engineering integrity of wave, ocean, tidal and river current energy converters, collectively referred to as marine energy converters. Its purpose is to provide an appropriate level of protection against damage from all hazards that may lead to catastrophic failure of the MEC structural, mechanical, electrical or control systems. Figure 1 illustrates the scope of this document and critical interfaces with other elements of a marine energy converter installation.

This document provides requirements for MEC main structure, appendages, seabed interface, mechanical systems and electrical systems as they pertain to the viability of the device under site-specific environmental conditions. This document applies to MECs that are either floating or fixed to the seafloor or shore and are unmanned during operational periods

NOTE Refer to IEC 62600-10 for guidance on the design of moorings for floating MECs.

In addition to environmental conditions, this document addresses design conditions (normal operation, operation with fault, parked, etc.); design categories (normal, extreme, abnormal and transport); and limit states (serviceability, ultimate, fatigue and accidental) using a limit state design methodology

Several different parties may be responsible for undertaking the various elements of the design, manufacture, assembly, installation, erection, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of a marine energy converter and for ensuring that the requirements of this document are met. The division of responsibility between these parties is outside the scope of this document

This document is used in conjunction with IEC and ISO standards cited as normative references, as well as regional regulations that have jurisdiction over the installation site.

This document is applicable to MEC systems designed to operate from ocean, tidal and river current energy sources, but not systems associated with hydroelectric impoundments or barrages. This document is also applicable to wave energy converters. It is not applicable to ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems or salinity gradient systems.

Although important to the overall objectives of the IEC 62600 series, this document does not address all aspects of the engineering process that are taken into account during the full system design of MECs. Specifically, this document does not address energy production, performance efficiency, environmental impacts, electric generation and transmission, ergonomics, or power quality.

This document takes precedence over existing applicable standards referred to for additional guidance. This document adheres to a limit state design approach utilizing partial safety factors for loads and materials to ensure MEC reliability in accordance with ISO 2394. 

MECs designed to convert hydrokinetic energy from hydrodynamic forces into forms of usable energy, such as electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic may be different from other types of marine systems. Many MECs are designed to operate in resonance or conditions close to resonance. Furthermore, MECs are hybrids between machines and marine structures. The control forces imposed by the power take-off (PTO) and possible forces from faults in the operation of the PTO distinguish MECs from other marine structures.

The document is applicable to MECs at the preliminary design stage to those that have progressed to advanced prototypes and commercial deployment. It is anticipated that this document will be used in certification schemes for design conformity.

The purpose of this document is to provide uniform methodologies for the design and assessment of mooring systems for floating Marine Energy Converters (MECs) (as defined in the TC 114 scope). It is intended to be applied at various stages, from mooring system assessment to design, installation and maintenance of floating Marine Energy Converters plants. 

This document is applicable to mooring systems for floating Marine Energy Converters units of any size or type in any open water conditions. Some aspects of the mooring system design process are more detailed in existing and well-established mooring standards. The intent of this document is to highlight the different requirements of Marine Energy Converters and not duplicate existing standards or processes. 

While requirements for anchor holding capacity are indicated, detailed geotechnical analysis and design of anchors are beyond the scope of this document.

This part of IEC 61400 specifies additional requirements for assessment of the external conditions at an offshore wind turbine site and specifies essential design requirements to ensure the engineering integrity of fixed offshore wind turbines. Its purpose is to provide an appropriate level of protection against damage from all hazards during the planned lifetime.

This document focuses on the engineering integrity of the structural components of an offshore wind turbine but is also concerned with subsystems such as control and protection mechanisms, internal electrical systems and mechanical systems. A wind turbine shall be considered as a fixed offshore wind turbine if the support structure is subject to hydrodynamic loading and it is founded on the seabed. The design requirements specified in this document are not sufficient to ensure the engineering integrity of floating offshore wind turbines. For floating installations, reference is made to IEC 61400-3-2. In the remainder of this document, the term “offshore wind turbine” is assumed to refer to those that are fixed to the seabed. This document should be used together with the appropriate IEC and ISO standards mentioned in Clause 2. In particular, this document is fully consistent with the requirements of IEC 61400-1. The safety level of the offshore wind turbine designed according to this document shall be at or exceed the level inherent in IEC 61400-1. In some clauses, where a comprehensive statement of requirements aids clarity, replication of text from IEC 61400-1 is included. 

1.1 General

This Standard covers reduced pressure principle (RP) backflow prevention assemblies (herein referred to as the “assembly”) that are used in potable water supply systems to prevent cross-connections.

1.2 Sizes

This Standard applies to nominal assembly sizes of 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1 1/4, 1 1/2, 2, 2 1/2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 in (DN8, DN10, DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN65, DN80, DN100, DN150, D200, D250, D300, D350, and DN400).

1.3 Application

RP assemblies are intended for use in the isolation of high or severe hazards where contaminated water can flow back into a potable water distribution system.

1.4 Description

RP assemblies consist of two independently acting check valves, internally force loaded to a normally closed position and separated by an intermediate chamber (or zone) in which there is a hydraulically operated relief means for venting to the atmosphere, and internally force loaded to a normally open position. These assemblies are designed to operate under continuous pressure conditions. The assembly includes two properly located, tightly closing shut-off valves and properly located test cocks as per Clauses 4.4.4.5 and 4.4.4.4.1.

1.5 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.6 Units of measurement

SI units are the units of record in Canada. In this Standard, inch/pound units are shown in parentheses.

The values stated in each measurement system are equivalent in application; however, each system is to be used independently. Combining values from the two measurement systems can result in non-conformance with this Standard.

All references to gallons are to U.S. gallons.