Energy

1.1 General

The standard  provides a unified best practice for measuring and reporting the power consumption of a range of three phase low voltage equipment where the equipment is not delivering an intended service to a user in commercial and industrial applications. The specified test methods are applicable for a single equipment and  not to be used for a set of equipment.

NOTE1  The measurement of power consumption and performance of equipment during an intended use (active mode) are generally specified in the relevant equipment standards and are not covered by this standard.

NOTE2  Where this standard is referenced by performance standards or procedures, these should define and name the relevant mode (see clause 3) to which this test procedure is applied.

NOTE3 This Standard does not specify safety requirements. It does not specify minimum performance requirements, nor does it set maximum limits on power or energy consumption.

1.2 Inclusions

The standard is applicable to the following products:

Three-phase AC electrical energy consuming commercial and industrial equipment with rated voltage up to 690 V and not in active mode

Air-cooled equipment

1.3 Exclusions

This Standard is not intended for use for the following systems:

DC, single, or two phase electrical commercial and industrial equipment

Household electrical appliances covered by CAN-CSA-C62301-11 (R2021)

Water-cooled equipment

Non electrical energy consuming commercial and industrial equipment such as backup generators

1.4 Measurement units

SI units of measurement should be used in the application of this standard; however, other units may be used for testing provided that they are used consistently and converted to SI units for the reporting purposes.

1.5 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with this Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of this Document.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.1 Inclusions

This Standard specifies the requirements for an EQ program for nuclear power plants (NPPs) (see Figure 1). The EQ program comprises a set of planned and coordinated activities establishing auditable assurance that equipment will

perform safety functions in a harsh environment following the DBA(s) for which it is credited; and

meet or exceed its functional and performance requirements, taking into consideration the effects of normal service.

Note: While this standard focuses on EQ programs for NPPs, it provides guidance that may be useful for other nuclear facilities, including research reactors and non-reactor facilities where EQ considerations apply

1.2 Exclusions

Equipment demonstrated to be in a mild environment after a DBA are not subject to the requirements of this Standard.

DEC survivability assessments are outside the scope of an EQ program. However, this Standard provides optional guidance (see Annex B) on how to demonstrate, with reasonable confidence, that equipment and instrumentation credited to operate during DEC will be capable of performing their intended safety function(s) under the expected environmental conditions.

Notes:

Post-DBA harsh environment conditions addressed by an EQ program are a subset of service conditions required to be addressed as part of overall equipment qualification. Service conditions can also include seismic vibration, severe weather, external floods, electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference, and fire. Equipment qualification to demonstrate performance in these conditions is outside of this Standard’s scope. For further guidance on equipment qualification, see IEC/IEEE 60780-323.

For general requirements on beyond design basis accidents (BDBAs), see CSA N290.16.

1.3 Facility lifecycle considerations

This Standard presents the requirements for establishing and preserving EQ to confirm the adequacy of the equipment to meet its design intent. This considers:

the effects of aging on equipment’s ability to perform its safety function(s) during and following a DBA;

the need to minimize common-cause unsafe failures under accident conditions;

the preservation of EQ during maintenance or modification of equipment and systems; and

the procurement of equipment and components.

Note: Although life extension projects can change the design life of the plant, maintaining EQ program as detailed in this Standard, including the change control process, will provide adequate guidance for continued operation. For example, temporary changes in safety functions during different operational states might exist during life-extension projects.

1.4 Conflicts

In cases of conflict between this Standard and other Standards which it references, this Standard takes precedence.

1.5 Terminology                                                                      

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.1 Inclusions

Cette norme énonce les exigences relatives au programme de qualification environnementale pour les centrales nucléaires (voir la figure 1). Le programme de qualification environnementale comprend un ensemble d’activités planifiées et coordonnées qui établissent une assurance vérifiable que l’équipement :

exécute les fonctions de sûreté pour lesquelles il est crédité dans un environnement agressif après les accidents de dimensionnement; et

respecte ou dépasse les exigences relatives à son fonctionnement et à son rendement, en tenant compte des effets d’un service normal.

Note : Bien que la présente norme mette l’accent sur les programmes de qualification environnementale pour les centrales nucléaires, elle présente des directives qui peuvent être utiles pour d’autres installations nucléaires, y compris les réacteurs de recherche et les installations sans réacteur où des considérations relatives à la qualification environnementale s’appliquent.

1.2 Exclusions

L’équipement démontré comme étant dans un environnement peu agressif après un accident de dimensionnement n’est pas assujetti aux exigences de cette norme.

Les évaluations de la capacité de survie dans des conditions additionnelles de dimensionnement sont hors du domaine d’application d’un programme de qualification environnementale. Cependant, cette norme fournit des directives facultatives (voir l’annexe B) sur la façon de démontrer, avec une confiance raisonnable, que l’équipement et l’instrumentation crédités pour fonctionner dans des conditions additionnelles de dimensionnement seront capables d’exécuter leurs fonctions de sûreté prévues dans les conditions environnementales attendues.

Notes :

Les conditions environnementales aggressives après un accident de dimensionnement qui sont visées par un programme de qualification environnementale forment un sous-ensemble des conditions de service devant être traitées dans le cadre de la qualification globale de l’équipement. Les conditions de service pourraient aussi inclure les vibrations sismiques, les phénomènes météorologiques violents, les inondations externes, les interférences électromagnétiques, les interférences aux fréquences radioélectriques et les incendies. La qualification de l’équipement visant à démontrer le rendement dans ces conditions est hors du domaine d’application de cette norme. Pour obtenir d’autres directives sur la qualification de l’équipement, voir IEC/IEEE 60780-323.

Pour les exigences générales sur les accidents hors dimensionnement, voir CSA N290.16.

1.3 Considérations relatives au cycle de vie de l’installation

Cette norme énonce les exigences relatives à l’établissement et au maintien de la qualification environnementale visant à confirmer que l’équipement est adéquat pour répondre aux objectifs de sa conception. Cela tient compte de ce qui suit :

les effets du vieillissement sur la capacité de l’équipement à exécuter sa ou ses fonctions de sûreté pendant et après un accident de dimensionnement;

la nécessité de réduire au minimum les défaillances non sécuritaires de cause commune dans des conditions d’accident;

la préservation de la qualification environnementale pendant l’entretien ou la modification de l’équipement et des systèmes; et

l’acquisition d’équipement et de composants.

Note : Bien que les projets de prolongation de la durée de vie puissent changer la durée de vie nominale de la centrale, le maintien du programme de qualification environnementale comme le décrit en détail la présente norme, y compris le processus de contrôle des changements, fournira des directives adéquates pour la poursuite de l’exploitation. Par exemple, des changements temporaires dans les fonctions de sûreté pendant différents états opérationnels pourraient se produire lors des projets de prolongation de la durée de vie.

1.4 Conflits

En cas de conflit entre cette norme et d’autres normes auxquelles elle fait référence, cette norme a préséance.

1.5 Terminologie                                                                     

Dans cette norme, le terme « doit » indique une exigence, c’est-à-dire une prescription que l’utilisateur doit respecter pour assurer la conformité à la norme; « devrait » indique une recommandation ou ce qu’il est conseillé mais non obligatoire de faire; et « peut » indique une possibilité ou ce qu’il est permis de faire.

Les notes qui accompagnent les articles ne comprennent pas de prescriptions ni de recommandations. Elles servent à séparer du texte les explications ou les renseignements qui ne font pas proprement partie de la norme.

Les notes au bas des figures et des tableaux font partie de ceux-ci et peuvent être rédigées comme des prescriptions.

Les annexes sont qualifiées de normatives (obligatoires) ou d’informatives (facultatives) pour en préciser l’application.

1.1  Purpose

This guide is intended to fill this need and provide a useful conceptual basis and high-level decision framework to ensure an adequate consideration and accommodation of the new and evolving complexities of EDT and its resulting impact on digitalization of nuclear organizations and facilities. More specifically, this document is intended to be used as a guide to assist in assessing the impact of introducing potentially disruptive, innovative and emerging technology (DIET) on the ability of the nuclear management system (NMS) to meet the required safety related principles while providing objective evidence of effective implementation.

This document addresses the application of DIET within the nuclear industry and the key application of CSA nuclear standard principles to those applications. This includes identification of the domain of use, the impact of the DIET on nuclear safety and control areas, and key considerations for qualification, including verification and validation of inputs and outputs. Requirements are also discussed for important factors such as non-proliferation safeguards, cyber security, and the required degree of supervision of DIET for a variety of application types (domains).

A number of examples are used throughout the document to aid the user in understanding the principles described. Additionally, Annex A provides a detailed application example.

1.2  Terminology

This document only provides guidance and does not impose any requirements. In this document, “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is commonly followed but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is often permissible within the limits of the various standards referenced.

1.1  But

Ce guide vise à répondre à ce besoin et à fournir une base conceptuelle utile et un cadre décisionnel de haut niveau pour assurer un examen et une adaptation adéquats des complexités nouvelles et changeantes de l’EDT et de son incidence sur la numérisation des organisations et des installations nucléaires. Plus précisément, le présent document se veut un guide pour aider à évaluer l’incidence de l’introduction de technologies potentiellement perturbatrices, novatrices et émergentes (TPNE) sur la capacité du système de gestion nucléaire (nuclear management system; NMS) à respecter les principes requis en matière de sûreté tout en fournissant des preuves objectives d’une mise en œuvre efficace.

Le présent document traite de l’application des TPNE dans l’industrie nucléaire et de l’application clé des principes normalisés nucléaires de CSA à ces applications. Cela comprend le repérage du domaine d’utilisation, l’incidence des TPNE sur les domaines de sûreté et de réglementation nucléaires, et les considérations clés pour la qualification, dont la vérification et la validation des intrants et des extrants. Les exigences sont également discutées pour des facteurs importants tels que les garanties de non-prolifération, la cybersécurité et le degré requis de supervision des TPNE pour divers types d’applications (domaines).

Un certain nombre d’exemples sont utilisés tout au long du document pour aider l’utilisateur à comprendre les principes décrits. En outre, l’annexe A fournit un exemple d’application détaillé.

1.2  Terminologie

Le présent document ne fournit que des directives et n’impose aucune exigence. Dans ce document, le terme « devrait/devraient » indique une recommandation ou ce qui est généralement suivi, mais non obligatoire de faire; et « peut/peuvent » indique une possibilité ou ce qu’il est souvent permis de faire dans les limites des diverses normes mentionnées.

1.1  

This Standard applies to the performance, durability, and safety of packaged and custom solar domestic hot water (SDHW) systems that use liquid-to-liquid heat transfer and liquid heat storage media.

1.2  

This Standard applies to the components and materials supplied by the manufacturer/designer, the assembly and installation instructions, and the operation of the system after it has been assembled according to these instructions. It does not apply to site preparation or installation procedures.

Note: The installation of systems that meet the requirements of this Standard is covered by CSA F383.

1.3  

This Standard is not intended as a design specification or as an instruction manual for untrained persons.

1.4  

In CSA Standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.5  

The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. Any values given in parentheses are for information purposes only.

1.1 General

This Standard details mechanical, physical, and electrical requirements for a newly manufactured appliance that compresses natural gas for vehicles and dispenses directly into

a) the vehicle natural gas fuel storage system, referred to as a residential fuelling appliance (RFA); or

b) the vehicle’s activated carbon adsorbents-based adsorbed natural gas (ANG) fuel storage system, referred to as a residential fuelling appliance (RFA).

This Standard applies to appliances that incorporate compression and dispensing in the same appliance.

Notes:

1) Vehicle fuelling appliances (VFA) are addressed in CSA/ANSI NGV 5.2.

2) Mobile fueling appliances (MFA) are addressed in CSA/ANSI NGV 5.3

3) Devices dedicated only to dispensing fuel into vehicles are addressed in CSA/ANSI NGV 4.1.

1.2 Application

This Standard applies to all appliances that are intended

a) for natural gas only (see Clause 1.1);

b) for outdoor or indoor installation in non-living spaces (e.g., garage);

c) for ambient temperature not below −40 °C (−40 °F);

d) for nominal voltage not exceeding 240 V AC;

e) for fill pressure not exceeding specified vehicle service pressure;

f) for flow rates per Clause 5 of this Standard;

g) for connection to residential utility gas piping systems in accordance with the requirements of the applicable Code;

h) to meet installation fire safety requirements in accordance with the requirements of the applicable Code;

i) for single and dual fuelling hose gas compressor packages; and

j) for installation in accordance with NFPA 52 or CSA B108.1 where not in conflict with the requirements in this Standard.

These requirements apply only to ANG appliances for use with vehicles that contain activated carbon-adsorbent material with an MDP/RCP ratio less than or equal to 1.5, and that have a service pressure of 6205 kPa (900 psig).

1.3 Pressure references

All references to “kPa” and “psig” throughout this Standard are to be considered gauge pressures unless otherwise specified.

1.4 Resolution of conflicts

In the case of conflict between this Standard and federal, national, provincial/territorial, state, or local requirements, the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction take precedence.

1.5 Units of measure

This Standard contains SI (metric) units corresponding to the inch/pound quantities, the purpose being to allow the Standard to be used in SI (metric) units. If a value for a measurement and a corresponding value in other units are stated, the first stated value is to be regarded as the requirement. The given corresponding value may be approximate. If a value for a measurement and a corresponding value in other units are both specified as a quoted marking requirement, then the first stated unit or both are to be provided.

Note: IEEE/ASTM SI 10 or ISO 80000-1 is used as a guide in making metric conversion from inch/pound quantities.

1.6 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

The terms “fuelling” and “refuelling” are used interchangeably in this Standard. The terms “park” and “store” and all derivatives thereof are used interchangeably in this Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.7 Alternate construction

The requirements of this Standard are not intended to constrain innovation. When considering fuels, materials, designs, or constructions not specifically dealt with in this Standard, these alternatives may be evaluated as to their ability to yield levels of safety and performance equivalent to those prescribed by this Standard.

1.1 General

This Standard details mechanical, physical, and electrical requirements for a newly manufactured appliance that compresses natural gas for vehicles and dispenses directly into

a) the vehicle natural gas fuel storage system, referred to as a vehicle fuelling appliance (VFA); or

b) the vehicle’s activated carbon adsorbents-based adsorbed natural gas (ANG) fuel storage system, referred to as a vehicle fuelling appliance (VFA).

This Standard applies to appliances that incorporate compression and dispensing in the same appliance.

Notes:

1) Residential fuelling appliances (RFA) are addressed in CSA/ANSI NGV 5.1.

2) Mobile fueling appliances (MFA) are addressed in CSA/ANSI NGV 5.3

3) Devices dedicated only to dispensing fuel into vehicles are addressed in CSA/ANSI NGV 4.1.

1.2 Application

This Standard applies to all appliances that are

a) intended for natural gas only (see Clause 1.1);

b) intended for outdoor or indoor installation;

c) intended for ambient temperatures not below −40 °C (−40 °F);

d) intended for nominal voltage not exceeding 480 V AC;

e) certified as a system with temperature compensated pressure limits for delivery of fuel for

i) direct fuelling of vehicles;

ii) fuelling of vehicles from the system’s internal storage;

iii) filling of external natural gas storage systems; or

iv) any combination of the above;

f) equipped with maximum inlet flow rate not exceeding 10 SCFM (17 SCMH);

g) for installation in non-residential occupancies;

h) intended to meet installation fire safety requirements in accordance with the requirements of the applicable Code;

i) for connection to a single vehicle, multiple vehicles, or storage systems;

j) intended for installation in non-hazardous locations;

k) for connection to a single or multiple vehicle storage system or external storage systems, with no single storage system having a total capacity of less than 80 L water volume; and

l) intended for installation in accordance with NFPA 52 or CSA B108.1 where not in conflict with the requirements in this document.

m) An RFA certified to NGV 5.1 can be considered a VFA if installed in accordance with clause 1.2-l) above.

These requirements apply only to ANG appliances for use with vehicle or external fuel storage systems that contain activated carbon-adsorbent material with an MDP/RCP ratio less than or equal to 1.5, and that have a service pressure of 6205 kPa (900 psig).

1.3 Pressure references

All references to “kPa” and “psig” throughout this Standard are to be considered gauge pressures unless otherwise specified.

1.4 Resolution of conflicts

In the case of conflict between this Standard and federal, national, provincial/territorial, state, or local requirements, the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction take precedence.

1.5 Units of measure

This Standard contains SI (metric) units corresponding to the inch/pound quantities, the purpose being to allow the Standard to be used in SI (metric) units. If a value for a measurement and a corresponding value in other units are stated, the first stated value is to be regarded as the requirement. The given corresponding value may be approximate. If a value for a measurement and a corresponding value in other units are both specified as a quoted marking requirement, then the first stated unit or both are to be provided.

Note: IEEE/ASTM SI 10 or ISO 80000-1 is used as a guide in making metric conversion from inch/pound quantities.

1.6 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

The terms “fuelling” and “refuelling” are used interchangeably in this Standard. The terms “park” and “store” and all derivatives thereof are used interchangeably in this Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.7 Alternate construction

The requirements of this Standard are not intended to constrain innovation. When considering fuels, materials, designs, or constructions not specifically dealt with in this Standard, these alternatives may be evaluated as to their ability to yield levels of safety and performance equivalent to those prescribed by this Standard.

1.1 General

This Standard details the mechanical, physical, and electrical requirements for a newly manufactured movable fuelling appliance that compresses natural gas for vehicles and dispenses directly into

a) the vehicle natural gas storage system or delivers to external natural gas storage systems, referred to as a mobile fuelling appliance (MFA); or

b) the vehicle’s activated carbon adsorbents-based adsorbed natural gas (ANG) fuel storage system, referred to as a mobile fuelling appliance (MFA).

This Standard applies to appliances that incorporate compression and dispensing in the same appliance.

Notes:

1) Residential fuelling appliances (RFA) are addressed in CSA/ANSI NGV 5.1.

2) Vehicle fuelling appliances (VFA) are addressed in CSA/ANSI NGV 5.2.

3) Devices dedicated only to dispensing fuel into vehicles are addressed in CSA/ANSI NGV 4.1.

1.2 Application

This Standard applies to mobile refuelling appliances that are:

a) intended for natural gas only (see Clause 1.1);

b) intended for outdoor or indoor installation;

c) intended for ambient temperatures not below −40 °C (−40 °F);

d) intended for nominal voltage not exceeding 480 VAC;

e) certified as a system with temperature compensated pressure limits for delivery of fuel for

i) direct fuelling of vehicles;

ii)fuelling of vehicles from the system’s internal storage;

iii) filling of external natural gas storage systems; or

iv) any combination of the above;

f) equipped with maximum inlet flow rate not exceeding 10 SCFM (17 SCMH);

g) for installation in non-residential occupancies;

h) intended to meet installation fire safety requirements in accordance with the requirements of the applicable Code;

i) for connection to a single vehicle, multiple vehicles, or storage systems;

j) intended for installation in non-hazardous locations;

k) for connection to a single or multiple vehicle storage system or  external storage systems, with no single storage system having a total capacity of less than 80 L water volume;

l) intended for installation in accordance with NFPA 52 or CSA B108.1 where not in conflict with the requirements in this document; and

The MFA shall have equipment that may be contained in an enclosure or multiple enclosures all mounted on a single Department of Transportation (DOT) or Transport Canada (TC) approved trailer.

1.3 Pressure references

All references to “kPa” and “psig” throughout this Standard are to be considered gauge pressures unless otherwise specified.

1.4 Resolution of conflicts

In the case of conflict between this Standard and federal, national, provincial/territorial, state, or local requirements, the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction take precedence.

1.5 Units of measure

This Standard contains SI (metric) units corresponding to the inch/pound quantities, the purpose being to allow the Standard to be used in SI (metric) units. If a value for a measurement and a corresponding value in other units are stated, the first stated value is to be regarded as the requirement. The given corresponding value may be approximate. If a value for a measurement and a corresponding value in other units are both specified as a quoted marking requirement, then the first stated unit or both are to be provided.

Note: IEEE/ASTM SI 10 or ISO 80000-1 is used as a guide in making metric conversion from inch/pound quantities.

1.6 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

The terms “fuelling” and “refuelling” are used interchangeably in this Standard. The terms “park” and “store” and all derivatives thereof are used interchangeably in this Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.7 Alternate construction

The requirements of this Standard are not intended to constrain innovation. When considering fuels, materials, designs, or constructions not specifically dealt with in this Standard, these alternatives may be evaluated as to their ability to yield levels of safety and performance equivalent to those prescribed by this Standard.

1.1 General

This Standard covers seamless pipe, electric-welded pipe (flash-welded pipe continuously welded and low-frequency electric-welded pipe excluded), and submerged-arc-welded pipe primarily intended for use in oil or gas pipeline systems.

Notes:

1) Flash-welded pipe is pipe manufactured by a process using electric-resistance heating to produce a simultaneous coalescence over the entire area of the abutting edges and the application of pressure for joining.

2) Low frequency is less than 70 kHz.

1.2 Outside diameter, grade, and category

Note: It is not intended that pipe be available in all combinations of size, grade, category, and manufacturing process. The individual pipe manufacturers should be consulted to ascertain the availability of specific pipe items.

1.2.1 Outside diameter

This Standard covers pipe having specified outside diameters (ODs) from 21.3 to 2032 mm. The standard ODs are given in Table B.1.

1.2.2 Grade

For other than sour service, this Standard covers pipe from Grade 241 to Grade 825. For sour service, this Standard covers pipe from Grade 241 to Grade 483.

Note: The standard grades are Grades 241, 290, 359, 386, 414, 448, 483, 550, 620, 690, and 825; however, intermediate grades may also be used.

1.2.3 Category

This Standard covers pipe in the following categories:

a) Category I: pipe without requirements for proven pipe body notch-toughness properties;

b) Category II: pipe with requirements for proven pipe body notch-toughness properties in the form of energy absorption and shear fracture areaappearance; and

c) Category III: pipe with requirements for proven pipe body notch-toughness properties in the form of energy absorption.

Note: Pipe cannot be classified as Category II or Category III if it has not been notch-toughness tested.

1.3 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.1 General

This Standard covers the manufacturing of factory-made cold bends, primarily intended for use in oil or gas pipeline systems.

1.2 Size, grade, and category

1.2.1 Size

This Standard covers cold bends having specified outside diameters (ODs) from 21.3 to 1219 mm (NPS 1/2 to NPS 48). The standard ODs are provided in CSA Z245.1 Table B.1.

1.2.2 Grade

For other than sour service, this Standard covers bends from Grade 241 to Grade 690. For sour service, this Standard covers bends from Grade 241 to Grade 483.

Note: The standard grades are 241, 290, 359, 386, 414, 448, 483, 550, 620, and 690 (see Table 3); however, intermediate grades can be used in accordance with Clause 8.2.2.

1.2.3 Category

This Standard covers cold bends in the following categories:

a) Category I: Cold bends without requirements for proven notch toughness properties; and

b) Category II: Cold bends with requirements for proven notch toughness properties for the cold bend body and cold bend weld.

Note: A cold bend cannot be classified as Category II if it has not been notch-toughness tested.

1.3 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.1 General

This Standard covers the manufacturing of factory-made induction bends, primarily intended for use in oil or gas pipeline systems.

1.2 Size, grade, and category

1.2.1 Size

This Standard covers induction bends having specified outside diameters (ODs) from 60.3 to 1524 mm (NPS 2 to NPS 60). The standard ODs are provided in CSA Z245.1 Table B.1.

1.2.2 Grade

For other than sour service, this Standard covers bends from Grade 241 to Grade 690. For sour service, this Standard covers bends from Grade 241 to Grade 483.

Note: The standard grades are 241, 290, 359, 386, 414, 448, 483, 550, 620, and 690 (see Table 3); however, intermediate grades can be used in accordance with Clause 8.2.2.

1.2.3 Category

This Standard covers induction bends in the following categories:

a) Category I: induction bends without requirements for proven notch toughness properties; and

b) Category II: induction bends with requirements for proven notch toughness properties for the induction bend body and induction bend weld.

Note: An induction bend cannot be classified as Category II if it has not been notch-toughness tested.

1.3 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.