Energy
1.1 General
This Document specifies the key performance metrics, definitions, and evaluation steps necessary to assess the suitability of methane DMQ technologies for oil and gas applications. It applies to technologies used for detection, localisation, measurement, quantification, and reporting of methane emissions from components, equipment, or facilities. Providing a consistent reference framework for comparison and decision-making across technology types and deployment contexts. This Technical Specification applies to DMQ technology method classes defined by their operational characteristics and deployment platforms, including but not limited to:
a) Handheld and portable devices;
b) Emissions monitoring systems (EMS);
c) Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs);
d) Satellite-based remote sensing systems;
e) Vehicle-mounted or aircraft-based survey systems; and
f) Parametric systems that utilize operational data to calculate emissions.
The framework addresses quantitative technology performance metrics that can be derived from technology-generated observations in comparison with reference measurements from controlled test facilities or validated field datasets.
It also includes qualitative performance considerations, such as environmental or situational variables, performance envelopes, and deployment factors, as specified by technology manufacturers or DMQ service providers.
This Document was developed with a focus on upstream, midstream, and downstream onshore oil and gas operations in Canada. Any specific limits on the types of infrastructure or emission sources to which this guidance applies will align with those defined in federal and provincial methane regulations (including Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan).
1.2 Inclusions
This technical specification applies to:
a) Definitions and terminology relevant to methane DMQ technologies;
b) A taxonomy of technology types and deployment contexts;
c) Core performance metrics and validation parameters;
d) A suggested evaluation process for technology selection and use case definition; and
e) Reference materials and data sheet templates to support consistent documentation of results.
1.3 Exclusions
This technical specification does not:
a) Provide detailed testing protocols for specific technology types or classes;
b) Compare individual technology brands, models, or manufacturers;
c) Describe or assess costs, ease of deployment, or training requirements, as such business considerations are beyond the scope of standardization; or
d) Prescribe or list regulatory requirements, which remain the responsibility of the reader to identify and apply based on the jurisdiction and site type.
1.4 Terminology
In this technical specification, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the technical specification; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the technical specification.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.1
This Standard applies to newly produced gas-fired low-pressure steam and hot water boilers with gas inlet pressure ratings not exceeding 0.5 psi (3.5 kPa) and having input ratings of less than 12 500 000 Btu/h (3 663 389 W) (see Clause 3), hereinafter referred to as boilers,* constructed entirely of new unused parts and materials,
a) for operation at or below the following pressures and temperatures:
i) steam heating boilers: 15 psi (103.42 kPa) steam pressure;
ii) hot water heating boilers:
1) 160 psi (1.10 MPa) water pressure; and
2) 250 °F (121 °C) water temperature;
iii) hot water supply boilers:
1) 160 psi (1.10 MPa) water pressure; and
2) 250 °F (121 °C) water temperature;
b) for use with
i) natural gas;
ii) propane gas;
iii) LP gas-air mixtures; and
c) for recreational vehicle installation for use with
i) propane gases only; and
ii) natural gas and propane gases when provision is made for the simple conversion from one gas to the other.
The construction of boilers is covered under Clause 4 and the performance of boilers is covered under Clause 5.
* See Clause 7.2 for boilers covered in Canada that exceed the above limits in gas inlet pressure and/or input ratings.
Rationale: RFC#31, RFC#44 and RFC#42
1.2
This Standard applies to indoor boilers, of other than the direct vent type that are categorized according to vent pressure and temperature as either Category I, Category II, Category III, or Category IV (see Clause 3), and to outdoor type boilers.
1.3
This Standard also applies to direct vent boilers (see Clause 3). A direct vent boiler anticipated by this Standard is essentially a balanced flue appliance with the air intake and vent outlet in proximity. Other designs are subjected to such additional tests as believed necessary at the discretion of the certification body.
Rationale: Part of RFC#48, as editorial change.
1.4
If a value for measurement as given in this Standard is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated value is the specification.
1.5
The values given in US customary units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
Note: IEEE/ASTM SI 10 or ISO 80000-1 can be used as a guide when converting imperial units to metric units.
1.6
All references to pressure throughout this Standard are considered gauge pressure, unless otherwise specified.
1.7
Clause 7 contains clauses unique to, and required by, Canada.
1.8
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user shall satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1 Inclusions
This Document establishes requirements for:
a) hydrogen fuel cell powered rolling stock, including retrofit and new-build units;
b) the onboard compressed hydrogen gas fuel storage and delivery system from the refuelling receptacle to the fuel cell power system; and
c) the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell power systems.
Notes:
1) Rolling stock may have additional power source(s). For onboard lithium-ion batteries, see CSA TS-602.
2) This document is limited to the scope indicated above and it is assumed that integrators apply other standards and regulations as needed, for example AAR MSRP-M and AAR M-1004 (for freight applications) or APTA PR-PS-WP-007 (for passenger applications), etc.
1.2 Exclusions
This Document does not:
a) include requirements for hydrogen internal combustion engines;
b) include requirements for fuel cell power system technologies other than PEM;
c) include requirements for liquid hydrogen or cryo-compressed hydrogen fuel systems;
d) apply to wayside or mobile refuelling equipment;
e) address systems related to interchange to the extent that they are covered by AAR specifications; and
f) address hazards, risks, or requirements for components and systems that are typical and common to diesel-powered rolling stock.
1.3 Terminology
In this Document, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Document; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Document.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.4 Units of measure
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Document. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
Canadian / US deviation
[Add the Note 1 after the third paragraph]
Note 1: Additional information for hybrid systems containing hydrogen fuel cell equipment can be found in CSA TS-601.
[Add the following to the scope]
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, hybrid traction systems are categorized as follows:
a) Non-plug-in hybrid system:
A traction system in which the onboard rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) is intended to be charged only by energy generated or recovered onboard the vehicle (e.g., from an onboard power generation unit or through regenerative braking).
A non-plug-in hybrid may include a physical charging interface intended exclusively for maintenance, commissioning, or emergency use. However, such an interface shall not be used in normal service operation and shall not be considered a means for routine traction battery charging.
b) Plug-in hybrid system:
A traction system in which the onboard RESS is designed to be charged both from onboard energy sources and from an external electric power supply intended for regular operational use.
This document applies to batteries which are used for traction power at any time, whether the batteries provide additional functions as well.
Notes:
This document does not apply to batteries solely used for auxiliary power as these batteries are covered by UL 1973 and NFPA 130.
This document is limited to the scope indicated above and it is assumed that integrators apply other standards and regulations as needed, for example AAR MSRP-M and AAR M-1004 (for freight applications) or APTA PR-PS-WP-007 (for passenger applications), etc.
The document does not include requirements for other batteries chemistry beyond the lithium-ion family.
This document does not apply to the recharging interface to the wayside connector.
This document does not apply to any wayside batteries.
CSA B139.1.0:24
General requirements for large installations
1 Scope
1.1 Installation requirements for large oil-burning equipment
This Code specifies minimum requirements for the installation of large oil-burning equipment.
Note: The intent of this Code is to apply to multi-unit residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings in accordance with the provincial building code or, in the absence of such regulation, the National Building Code of Canada.
1.2 Installation of oil-fuelled appliances and equipment
This Code applies to the installation of appliances, equipment, components, and accessories where oil is used for fuel purposes in applications that include
a) space heating;
b) service water heating;
c) power generation; and
d) process application.
1.3 Installation and alteration requirements for oil-burning equipment
This Code provides minimum requirements for installing or altering all stationary and portable oil-burning equipment, including
a) furnaces;
b) process furnaces;
c) boilers;
d) water heaters;
e) vehicle heaters;
f) construction heaters; and
g) stationary internal combustion engines when used for shaft-power applications for buildings.
Note: For installation of internal combustion engines for emergency power applications, see also CSA C282 and CSA Z32. Both these Standards refer to the CSA B139 Series for installation of accessories such as fuel tanks and piping.
1.4 Ancillary equipment installation requirements
This Code provides minimum requirements for installing or altering ancillary equipment, including
a) piping and tubing systems;
b) pumps;
c) control devices;
d) venting systems;
e) accessories;
f) heat distribution systems that affect the proper operation of the oil-burning equipment;
g) central oil distribution systems; and
h) underground supply tanks, aboveground outdoor tanks, and aboveground tanks installed inside of buildings.
1.5 Maintenance requirements for oil-burning equipment
This Code provides requirements for the maintenance of the most commonly used types of oil-burning equipment.
1.6 Recommended precautions for filling tanks
This Code provides recommended precautions for filling tanks (see Annex G).
1.7 Items not applicable
This Code does not apply to
a) process equipment installed in refineries;
b) appliances installed in park model trailers, recreational vehicles, and marine craft;
c) portable devices such as lamps, blowtorches, melting pots, and weed burners;
d) integral fuel tanks of 45 L (10 gal) capacity or less on internal combustion engines; or
e) portable oil-burning equipment within the scope of CAN/CSA-B138.1/CAN/CSA-B138.2.
Note: For reference, the terms “park model trailers” and “recreational vehicles” are as defined in the CAN/CSA-Z241 Series and CSA Z240 RV Series.
1.8 Terminology
In this Code, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Code; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Code.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.9 Dual measurements
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Code. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
Figure 1
Applicability guidance diagram
(See Clause 0.)
CSA B139.1.1:24
General requirements for stationary engines
1 Scope
1.1 Installation requirements for oil-fuelled stationary engines
This Code specifies minimum requirements for the installation of oil-fuelled stationary engines used for
a) the generation of electrical power for buildings;
b) the generation of electrical power in accordance with CSA C282;
c) the generation of electrical power in accordance with CSA Z32; and
d) directly connected shaft power for building equipment, industrial equipment, and emergency equipment.
Note: Examples of “building equipment” include air compressors and refrigeration equipment; “industrial equipment” includes pumps, compressors, and hoisting equipment; and “emergency equipment” includes fire pumps. This Note does not impose limits on types of driven equipment.
1.2 Relationship with CSA B139.1.0
The requirements of CSA B139.1.0 apply in addition to this Code. Where a conflict or inconsistency exists between CSA B139.1.0 and this Code, the requirements of this Code take precedence.
1.3 Terminology
In this Code, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Code; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Code.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.4 Dual measurements
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Code. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
CSA B139.1.2:24
General requirements for special installations
1 Scope
1.1 Oil-burning appliances and equipment installation
This Code applies to the installation of appliances, equipment, components, and accessories where oil is used for fuel purposes in
a) used-oil-burning appliances;
b) central oil distribution systems;
c) construction heaters and fuel systems; and
d) vehicle heaters.
1.2 Field installation of burners and combustion control systems
This Code provides minimum requirements for the field installation of burners and their combustion control systems.
1.3 Relationship with CSA B139.1.0
The requirements of CSA B139.1.0 apply in addition to this Code. Where a conflict or inconsistency exists between CSA B139.1.0 and this Code, the requirements of this Code take precedence.
1.4 Terminology
In this Code, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Code; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Code.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.5 Dual measurements
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Code. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
CSA B139.2:24
Installation code for oil-burning equipment for residential and small commercial buildings
1 Scope
1.1 Oil-fired appliances and equipment installation
This Code applies to the installation of appliances, equipment, components, and accessories where oil is used for fuel purposes in applications that include
a) space heating;
b) service water heating; and
c) small process application.
1.2 Installation of appliances and associated equipment in small buildings
This Code applies to the installation of appliances and associated equipment where
a) the building is a residential or commercial building as defined by the National Building Code of Canada, does not exceed three storeys in building height, and does not exceed 600 m2 (6458 ft2) in building area;
b) the individual or total appliance fuel input rating does not exceed 9.5 L/h (2.5 GPH);
c) the maximum fuel input rate to all appliances connected to a common chimney does not exceed 205 kW (700 kBtu/h);
d) supply tanks do not exceed an individual capacity of 2500 L (550 gal) or a total capacity of 5000 L (1100 gal) for each premises; and
e) no fuel pumps other than appliance integrally mounted fuel pumps are used.
Note: The intent of this Code is to apply to residential buildings and small commercial buildings in accordance with the provincial building code or, in the absence of such regulations, in accordance with Part 9 of the National Building Code of Canada.
1.3 Installation and alteration of oil-burning equipment
This Code provides minimum requirements for installing or altering all stationary and portable oil-burning equipment, including
a) furnaces;
b) boilers; and
c) water heaters.
1.4 Ancillary equipment installation requirements
This Code provides minimum requirements for installing or altering ancillary equipment, including
a) piping and tubing;
b) control devices;
c) venting systems;
d) accessories;
e) heat distribution systems that affect the proper operation of the oil-burning equipment; and
f) aboveground supply tanks that have a maximum individual capacity of 2500 L (550 gal) and a maximum total capacity of 5000 L (1100 gal).
Note: Underground fuel oil tank installations of any size and aboveground installations over 2500 L (550 gal) are covered by CSA B139.1.0, CSA B139.1.1, and CSA B139.1.2.
1.5 Maintenance requirements for oil-burning equipment
This Code provides requirements for the maintenance of the most commonly used types of oil-burning equipment.
1.6 Recommended precautions for filling tanks
This Code provides recommended precautions for filling tanks (see Annex G of CSA B139.1.0).
1.7 Exclusions
This Code does not apply to
a) process equipment installed in refineries;
b) appliances installed in park model trailers, recreational vehicles, and marine craft;
c) portable devices such as lamps, blowtorches, melting pots, and weed burners; or
d) installations supplying oil-fuelled stationary engines.
Note: For reference, the terms “park model trailers” and “recreational vehicles” are as defined in the CSA Z241 Series and CSA Z240 RV Series.
1.8 Terminology
In this Code, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Code; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Code.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.9 Dual measurements
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Code. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
1.10 Figures and tables
Figures and tables that are referenced with the prefix “B” are to be found in Annex B of CSA B139.1.0.
Note: For example, a reference in this Code to “Table B.1” means Table B.1 of CSA B139.1.0.
CSA Scope
[Add the following to the last sentence of the first paragraph]
and at flow capacities up to and including 300 g/s.
[Add the following note]
NOTE 1A For North American application, all references to rated pressure are considered to be equivalent to maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP).
ISO Scope
This document specifies the requirements for wire or textile reinforced hoses and hose assemblies suitable for dispensing hydrogen up to 70 MPa nominal working pressure, in the operating temperature range of −40 °C to 65 °C.
This document specifies safety requirements for material, design, manufacture and testing of gaseous hydrogen hose and hose assemblies for hydrogen fuelling stations.
This document does not apply to the following hoses and hose assemblies:
a) those used as part of a vehicle high pressure on-board fuel storage system;
b) those used as part of a vehicle low pressure fuel delivery system; and
c) flexible metal hoses.
NOTE 1 This document was developed primarily for hoses and hose assemblies for dispensing high-pressure hydrogen from refuelling dispensers to hydrogen vehicles. ISO 16964 addresses hoses used to deliver hydrogen from a transportable vessel (e.g. trailer) into a buffer storage of a station.
NOTE 2 Hose assemblies include a hose with connectors on each end (see Figure 1). Each connector has two basic functional elements that are addressed as described below.
a) Coupling to hose. This function is defined by requirements and verified (along with the hose itself) by performance-based tests in this document.
b) Fitting for transition and connection to the piping system or equipment. This function is addressed by reference to appropriate hydrogen equipment standards and piping codes.