Energy

ANSI Z21.94-2006 (R2021)/CSA 6.31-2006 (R2021) has been posted for ANSI BSR-8 (ANSI Public Review) on the ANSI Standards Action Website. For further information please visit: https://www.ansi.org/resource-center/standards-action.

1.1 Application of temporary portable oil-fired appliances

This Standard applies to temporary portable oil-fired appliances irrespective of the heating capacity, the type of burner or the motive power.

1.2 Requirements for appliances used in various applications

The requirements given herein apply to appliances which may be indirect-fired or direct-fired,  which may be used with or without duct work, and for applications such as but not limited to the following:

1.    buildings or structures under construction, renovation or maintenance,

2.    temporary structures,

3.    pre-heating spaces,

4.    crop dryers,

5.    aircraft pre-heating; and

6.    outdoor events.

1.3 Terminology

In CSA Standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard, and “can” is used to express possibility or capability.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Legends to equations and figures are considered requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory).

1.4 Units of record

The values given in SI (metric) units are the units of record for the purpose of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.1  General

There is a commentary available for this Clause.

This Standard covers the design, construction, operation, maintenance, deactivation, and abandonment of oil and gas industry pipeline systems that convey

a)    liquid hydrocarbons, including crude oil, multiphase fluids, condensate, liquid petroleum products, natural gas liquids, and liquefied petroleum gas;

b)   oilfield water;

c)    oilfield steam;

d)   carbon dioxide; or

e)    gas.

Notes:

1)    Hydrogen pipeline systems fall under Item e).

2)    Designers are cautioned that the requirements in this Standard might not be appropriate for gases other than natural gas, manufactured gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and synthetic gas.

1.2  Applicability

There is a commentary available for this Clause.

The scope of this Standard, as shown in Figures 1.1 and 1.2, includes

a)    for oil industry fluids, piping and equipment in offshore pipelines, onshore pipelines, tank farms, pump stations, pressure-regulating stations, and measuring stations;

b)   oil pump stations, pipeline tank farms, and pipeline terminals;

c)    pipe-type storage vessels;

d)   carbon dioxide piping and equipment in onshore pipelines, compressor stations, pump stations, pressure-regulating stations, and measuring stations;

e)    for gas industry fluids, piping and equipment in offshore pipelines, onshore pipelines, compressor stations, measuring stations, hydrogen blending facilities, and pressure-regulating stations;

f)    gas compressor stations; and

g)    gas storage lines and pipe-type and bottle-type gas storage vessels.

Notes:

1)    Gas industry fluids from renewable natural gas (RNG) and other production facilities are included in Item e).

2)    Measuring and pressure-regulating stations that include blended gas industry fluids are included in Item e).

1.3  Exclusions

There is a commentary available for this Clause.

This Standard does not apply to

a)    piping with metal temperatures below –70 °C;

b)   gas piping beyond the outlet of the customer’s meter set assembly or utility defined custody transfer point (covered by CSA B149.1);

c)    piping in natural gas liquids extraction plants, gas processing plants (except main gas stream piping in dehydration and all other processing plants installed as part of gas pipeline systems), gas manufacturing plants, industrial plants, and mines;

d)   oil refineries, terminals other than pipeline terminals, and marketing bulk plants;

e)    abandoned piping;

f)    in-plant piping for drinking, make-up, or boiler feed water;

g)    casing, tubing, or pipe in oil or gas wells, wellheads, separators, production tanks, and other production facilities;

h)   vent piping for waste gases of any kind operating at or near atmospheric pressure;

i)     heat exchangers;

j)     liquefied natural gas systems (covered by CSA Z276);

k)    liquid fuel distribution systems;

l)     loading/unloading facilities for tankers or barges;

m)  refuelling facilities;

n)   hydrocarbon storage in underground formations and associated equipment (covered by CSA Z341 Series);

o)   RNG, biogas, and synthetic gas production facilities; and

p)   hydrogen gas production facilities.

1.4  Technical judgement

There is a commentary available for this Clause.

This Standard is intended to establish essential requirements and minimum standards for the design, construction, operation, pipeline system management, and abandonment of oil and gas industry pipeline systems. This Standard is not an application manual for these activities. It is intended to be used by persons competent to make technical judgments in the areas to which this Standard is being applied including engineering, safety, and environmental protection.

Note: Where newly developed materials or processes are used, or unusual conditions are encountered, requirements in addition to those specified in this Standard might be needed.

1.5  Retroactivity

There is a commentary available for this Clause.

The requirements of this Standard are applicable to the operation, maintenance, and upgrading of existing installations. It is not intended that such requirements be applied retroactively to existing installations insofar as design, materials, construction, and established operating pressures are concerned, except as required by Clause 10.7.1 for changes in class location and Clause 10.8.1 for crossings of existing pipelines.

1.6  Units

There is a commentary available for this Clause.

Unless otherwise stated, to determine conformance with the specified requirements, it is intended that observed or calculated values be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with the rounding method of ASTM E29.

1.7  Governing requirements

There is a commentary available for this Clause.

Where any requirements of this Standard are at variance with the requirements of other publications referenced in this Standard, it is intended that the requirements of this Standard govern.

1.8  Innovation

There is a commentary available for this Clause.

It is not the intent of this Standard to prevent the development of new equipment or practices, or to prescribe how such innovations are to be handled.

1.9  Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application. 

CSA/ANSI HGV 4.10:21 has been posted for ANSI BSR-8 (ANSI Public Review) on the ANSI Standards Action Website. For further information please visit: https://www.ansi.org/resource-center/standards-action.

This document specifies a method for determining the amount of material passing through a sieve with 3,15-mm-diameter round holes. It is intended for use in all applications (e.g. laboratories, production sites, field locations) where the measurement of fines is required.

Le présent document spécifie une méthode pour la détermination de la quantité de matériau passant à travers un tamis à trous ronds de 3,15 mm de diamètre. Il est destiné à être utilisé dans toutes les applications (par exemple: laboratoires, sites de production, emplacements sur le terrain) où la mesure des fines est requise. 

This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded densified solid biofuels produced from thermally treated biomass for commercial applications and industrial use. This document covers pellets and briquettes produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225-1:2021, Table 1):
— woody biomass;
— herbaceous biomass;
— fruit biomass;
— aquatic biomass;
— blends and mixtures. 

Subcategories of these raw materials are included.
This document does not consider products which are marketed as charcoal or as charcoal products. For these products, see ISO 17225-1:2021, Table 14.

NOTE Health, safety and environmental issues for solid biofuels are important and need special attention; however, they are outside the scope of this document.
 

Le présent document détermine les classes de qualité des combustibles et les spécifications des classes de biocombustibles solides densifiés produits à partir de biomasses traitées thermiquement en vue d'une application commerciale et utilisation industrielle. Le présent document traite des granulés et des briquettes produits à partir des matières premières suivantes (voir l'ISO 17225-1:2021, Tableau 1):

— biomasse ligneuse;
— biomasse herbacée;
— biomasse fruitière;
— biomasse aquatique;
— assortiments et mélanges.

Les sous-catégories de ces matières premières sont incluses.

Le présent document ne prend pas en compte les produits commercialisés sous forme de charbon de bois ou de produits à base de charbon de bois. Pour de tels produits, voir l'ISO 17225-1:2021, Tableau 14.

NOTE Les questions de santé, de sécurité et d'environnement concernant les biocombustibles solides sont importantes et nécessitent une attention particulière; toutefois, elles ne relèvent pas du domaine d'application 
du présent document.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the horizontally oscillating screen method. It applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top 
size of 3,15 mm and above, e.g. wood chips, hog fuel, olive stones.

The method is intended to characterize material up to a particle size class (P) of P63. For larger P-classes and PL-classes, the characterization is mainly done by hand sorting.

NOTE The definitions and specifications of P- and PL-classes are given in ISO 17225-1, ISO 17225-4 and ISO 17225-9.
 

Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la distribution granulométrique de biocombustibles particulaires au tamis oscillant dans le plan horizontal. Il s'applique aux combustibles particulaires non comprimés de dimension supérieure nominale égale ou supérieure à 3,15 mm, tels que les plaquettes de bois, les broyats de bois, les noyaux d'olive.

La méthode a pour but de caractériser les matériaux jusqu'à la classe granulométrique (P) P63. Pour les classes P et PL supérieures, la caractérisation se fait essentiellement par tri manuel.

NOTE Les définitions et spécifications des classes P et PL sont données dans l'ISO 17225-1, l'ISO 17225-4 et l'ISO 17225-9.
 

This document specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the vibrating screen method. The method described is meant for particulate biofuels only, namely, materials that either have been reduced in size, such as most wood fuels, or are physically in a particulate form. This document applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top size of 3,15 mm and below (e.g. sawdust). 

Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la distribution granulométrique des biocombustibles particulaires à l'aide d'un tamis vibrant. La méthode décrite est destinée uniquement aux biocombustibles particulaires, c'est-à-dire à des matériaux qui ont été fragmentés, comme la plupart des combustibles ligneux, ou qui se présentent physiquement sous forme particulaire. Le présent document s'applique aux combustibles particulaires non comprimés de dimension supérieure nominale inférieure ou égale à 3,15 mm (par exemple la sciure). 

This document specifies a method for determining the bulk density of solid biofuels using a standardized measuring container. This method is applicable to all pourable solid biofuels with a nominal top size of maximum 63 mm while the maximum particle length is 200 mm. For fuels with a nominal top size larger than 63 mm, a different method is described.

Bulk density is not an absolute value; therefore, conditions for its determination have to be standardized in order to gain comparative measuring results.

NOTE Bulk density of solid biofuels is subject to variation due to several factors such as vibration, shock, pressure, biodegradation, drying, and wetting. Measured bulk density can therefore deviate from actual conditions during transportation, storage, or transhipment.

Le présent document spécifie une méthode pour déterminer la masse volumique apparente des biocombustibles solides à l’aide d’un récipient-mesure normalisé. Cette méthode s’applique à tout biocombustible solide versable dont la dimension nominale est inférieure ou égale à 63 mm, tandis que la longueur des particules est inférieure ou égale à 200 mm. Pour les combustibles dont la dimension nominale est supérieure à 63 mm, une méthode différente est décrite.

La masse volumique apparente n’étant pas une valeur absolue, il est indispensable de normaliser les conditions de sa détermination afin d’obtenir des résultats de mesure comparatifs.

NOTE La masse volumique apparente des biocombustibles solides est soumise à des variations aux causes diverses telles que vibrations, chocs, pression, biodégradation, séchage et mouillage. La masse volumique apparente mesurée peut, par conséquent, s’écarter de celle observée en conditions réelles lors du transport, du stockage ou du transbordement.

This document specifies the requirements and method used to determine particle size distribution of disintegrated pellets. It is applicable for pellets that fully disintegrate in hot water. 

Le présent document spécifie les exigences qui s'appliquent et la méthode utilisée pour déterminer la distribution granulométrique des granulés désintégrés. Elle est applicable aux granulés qui se désintègrent entièrement dans l'eau chaude. 

This document specifies a method of determining the moisture content of a test sample of solid biofuels by drying in an oven and is used when the highest precision is not needed, e.g. for routine production control on site. The method described in this document is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of the test sample (wet basis).

NOTE Biomass materials can contain small amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) which can evaporate when determining moisture content by oven drying (see References [1] and [2]). The release of such compounds is quite small relative to the overall moisture content as determined by this method and is disregarded in this document. 

Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la teneur en humidité d’un échantillon pour essai de biocombustibles solides par séchage à l’étuve. Cette méthode est utilisée lorsque la fidélité maximale n’est pas nécessaire, par exemple, pour un contrôle de routine de la production in situ. La méthode décrite dans le présent document est applicable à l’ensemble des biocombustibles solides. La teneur en humidité des biocombustibles solides (à réception) est toujours rapportée à la masse totale de l'échantillon pour essai (base humide).

NOTE Les matériaux de la biomasse peuvent contenir de petites quantités de composés organiques volatils (COV) qui peuvent s'évaporer lors du dosage de la teneur en humidité par séchage à l’étuve (voir Références [1] et [2]). La libération de ces composés est très faible par rapport à la teneur en humidité globale telle que déterminée par cette méthode et n'est pas prise en compte dans le présent document. 

This document specifies a method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardized to enable comparative determinations to be made. 

Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la masse volumique unitaire des combustibles comprimés tels que les granulés ou les briquettes. La masse volumique unitaire n'est pas une valeur absolue et les conditions nécessaires à sa détermination doivent être normalisées afin de pouvoir comparer les différentes déterminations.