Energy

1.1 Facilities

1.1.1 Types of facilities

This Standard addresses the design and operation of EMPs for nuclear facilities as described in Clause 1.2 of CSA N288.0.

1.1.2 Facility lifecycle

The nature and extent of environmental monitoring requirements will change during the lifecycle of the facility. This Standard addresses monitoring performed during

a) site preparation, construction, and commissioning;

b) operations;

c) decommissioning; and

d) any period of institutional control that might follow closure of the facility.

Notes:

1) In Canada, baseline monitoring prior to the submission of an application for a licence to prepare a site might not be fully addressed by this Standard. For more information on pre-licensing baseline monitoring, see CNSC REGDOC-1.1.1, Section 3.4, Appendix B.3, and Appendix C, CNSC REGDOC-2.9.1, and BCMOE, 2016.

2) Data from baseline monitoring are generally used as an input into the ERA. Many of the recommendations and considerations provided within this Standard are applicable to environmental baseline activities. In addition, pre-licensing baseline data collection ideally places special emphasis on environmental factors and elements that might be carried forward to the EMP.

1.2 Operating conditions

1.2.1 Monitoring during normal operations

The monitoring described in this Standard is applicable where human and/or non-human biota might routinely be exposed to

a) low-level effluents and emissions of nuclear and hazardous substances released to the environment as the result of the normal operation of a nuclear facility; or

b) physical stressors imposed on the environment as the result of the normal operation of a nuclear facility.

1.2.2 Monitoring during accidental releases

This Standard does not address acute or high-level exposures that can result from accident scenarios (e.g., design basis accidents, beyond design basis accidents), although some parts of this Standard might be applicable to the monitoring of the long-term effect of such an event. In these cases, the operator of the facility is responsible for determining the applicability of the guidance.

1.2.3 Monitoring program boundary

This Standard addresses monitoring conducted in the environment within the spatial boundaries defined in the ERA. This monitoring starts beyond

a) the final point of control for an airborne or waterborne release; or

b) the facility boundary.

Note: The facility boundary may be the outer wall or foundation of the building housing the licensed activity. In Canada, the facility boundary may be the boundary of the protected area as defined in Section 9 of the Nuclear Security Regulations for nuclear facilities to which those Regulations apply.

Monitoring extends out to locations determined in the ERA by receptors and receptor range. The spatial boundaries might be different for each media.

Notes:

1) This Standard does not address effluent and emissions monitoring, which involves the monitoring of the release of nuclear and hazardous substances to the environment. See CSA N288.5 for additional information on effluent and emissions monitoring programs.

2) This Standard assumes that the exposure to nuclear or hazardous substances by persons working or visiting inside the facility boundary will be controlled through the facility radiation protection program, environmental protection program, or health and safety program.

1.3 Contaminants and physical stressors

This Standard provides guidance on monitoring for the contaminants and physical stressors in environmental media, as identified in the ERA and/or determined by the AHJ. These contaminants and physical stressors can include one or more of the following:

a) hazardous substances such as toxic, corrosive, or environmentally deleterious substances;

b) nuclear substances and radiation; and

c) physical stressors.

1.4 Receptors and biological effects

This Standard provides guidance on designing an EMP that can

a) provide the data necessary to assess potential biological effects on receptors; and

b) measure direct biological effects on receptors.

Notes:

1) Receptors are as identified in the ERA and/or as determined by the AHJ. The receptors can include human or non-human biota.

2) Measurements of effects in non-human biota (measurement endpoints) can occur at the level of an individual organism, a population, or a community. Often measurement endpoints at the individual level are intended to represent the potential for higher level effects (assessment endpoints) that are of primary concern to environment managers.

1.5 Interpretation of data

This Standard provides guidance on the interpretation of data collected by an EMP. However, users are cautioned that AHJs can impose requirements regarding data analysis and interpretation that differ from those described in this Standard. The operator of the nuclear facility is responsible for determining what data analysis and interpretation are necessary to ensure compliance with AHJ requirements.

1.6 Dose assessment

Although one of the objectives of an EMP may be to provide the data required to support radiation dose assessments or assessments of exposure to hazardous substances, this document does not address dose assessment methods for either human or non-human biota.

Note: Assessments of dose/exposure are normally part of the ERA and any subsequent assessments based on environmental monitoring data are ideally done the same way, using CSA N288.6 or equivalent standards and guidance that were used in the ERA or their most recent updates. Monitoring to support dose assessment is further addressed in Clause 7.4.

1.7 Reporting

Reporting requirements are outlined in Clause 8 of CSA N288.0. However, users are cautioned that AHJs may impose reporting requirements that differ from those described in this Standard and CSA N288.0. The operator of the nuclear facility is responsible for determining the required frequency and content of reports to AHJs necessary to ensure compliance.

1.8 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

niveau plus élevé (limites d’évaluation), ce qui constitue la principale préoccupation des gestionnaires de l’environnement.

1.5     Interprétation des données

Cette norme énonce des lignes directrices visant l’interprétation des données recueillies dans le cadre d’un PSE. Cependant, les utilisateurs sont avisés que l’autorité compétente est susceptible d’imposer des exigences concernant l’analyse et l’interprétation des données qui diffèrent de celles prescrites dans cette norme. C’est à l’exploitant de l’installation nucléaire qu’il incombe de déterminer quelles analyses et interprétations des données sont nécessaires pour assurer la conformité aux exigences de l’autorité compétente.

1.6     Évaluation de la dose

Bien qu’un des objectifs d’un PSE peut être de fournir les données nécessaires à l’évaluation de la dose de rayonnement ou à l’évaluation de l’exposition à des substances dangereuses, le présent document ne traite pas des méthodes d’évaluation de la dose pour le biote humain ou non humain.

Note : L’évaluation de la dose/exposition fait normalement partie de l’ÉRE, et toute évaluation subséquente basée sur les données de surveillance environnementale est idéalement effectuée de la même manière, en se basant sur CSA N288.6 ou sur les mêmes normes et lignes directrices que celles utilisées dans l’ÉRE ou les éditions les plus récentes de ces documents. Voir l’article 7.4 pour obtenir d’autres renseignements sur la surveillance à l’appui de l’évaluation de la dose.

1.7     Établissement de rapport

Les exigences sur la consignation des résultats sont énoncées à l’article 8 de

CSA N288.0. Cependant, les utilisateurs sont avisés que l’autorité compétente peut imposer des exigences en matière d’établissement de rapport qui diffèrent de celles prescrites dans cette norme et dans CSA N288.0. C’est à l’exploitant de l’installation nucléaire qu’il incombe de déterminer la fréquence et la teneur des rapports présentés à l’autorité compétente pour assurer sa conformité.

1.8     Terminologie

Dans cette norme, le terme « doit » indique une exigence, c’est-à-dire une prescription que l’utilisateur doit respecter pour assurer la conformité à la norme; « devrait » indique une recommandation ou ce qu’il est conseillé mais non obligatoire de faire; et « peut » indique une possibilité ou ce qu’il est permis de faire.

Les notes qui accompagnent les articles ne comprennent pas de prescriptions ni de recommandations. Elles servent à séparer du texte les explications ou les renseignements qui ne font pas proprement partie de la norme.

Les notes au bas des figures et des tableaux font partie de ceux-ci et peuvent être rédigées comme des prescriptions.

Les annexes sont qualifiées de normatives (obligatoires) ou d’informatives (facultatives) pour en préciser l’application.

1.1 Inclusions

These provisions apply to the construction, materials, performance, and testing of NPS 1-1/4 in (32mm) and smaller self-acting service-type regulators with overpressure protection devices utilized to control the pressure of gas delivered to a customer’s piping at a delivery pressure of 2 psi or less (14 kPa).

1.2 Temperature ratings

This standard includes regulators capable of operation over an ambient temperature range of –40 to 150°F (–40 to 65.6 °C) up to the pressure recommended by the manufacturer, but not exceeding 125 psi (861.8 kPa).

1.3 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application.

1.4 Units of measurement

The yard-pound units provided are the standard. The SI (metric) equivalents in parentheses may be approximate values and are provided for information only, or for markings where both units of measurement are required.

Note: See Annex F for explanatory material.

1.1 Inclusions

Note: See Annex F for explanatory material.

1.1.1 Vehicle maintenance

This Code applies to the portions of a motor vehicle maintenance facility where hydrogen gas-fuelled vehicles and hydrogen transport trailers are maintained, repaired, or stored during maintenance or repair, including areas and systems ancillary thereto. If a vehicle being maintained has multiple fuels and one of the fuels is compressed hydrogen gas, then the requirements of this Code would apply.

Note:

See Annex  F for explanatory material.

See Annex A for facilities for large storage capacity vehicles and trailers.

1.1.2 Vehicle parking

This Code also contains information on private parking structures where hydrogen gas-fuelled vehicles are parked or stored, including areas and systems ancillary thereto. See Annex D.

1.1.3 Parking structure requirements

For purposes of this Code, private parking structures have the same requirements as minor repair areas.

1.2 Exclusions

The scope of this Code does not include

a) indoor or outdoor refuelling operations;

b) open parking structures;

c) public parking structures of any construction;

d) other fuels used for vehicles; or

e) liquid hydrogen (LH2) vehicles;

f) natural gas vehicle maintenance facilities, which are covered in CSA B401.1;

g) propane vehicle maintenance facilities, which are covered in CSA B401.2; or

h) battery electric vehicle maintenance facilities, which are covered in CSA B401.4.

Note: See Annex F for explanatory material.

1.3 Purpose

The purpose of this Code is to provide reasonable means to manage the risks associated with the maintenance and repair of vehicles fuelled with gaseous hydrogen (GH2) inside motor vehicle maintenance facilities.

Note: See Annex F for explanatory material.

1.4 Terminology

The terms “fuelling” and “refuelling” are used interchangeably in this Code. The terms “park” and “store” and all derivatives thereof are used interchangeably in this Code.

1.5 Units of measure

The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Code. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.

Notes:

1) IEEE/ASTM SI 10 or ISO 80000-1 can be used as a guide when converting Imperial units to metric units.

2) Less than 1 m will be shown in mm.

3) 1 m or more will be shown in m to the nearest 0.1 m.

4) Ft/in conversions will be rounded to the nearest full inch using traditional rounding conventions.

5) Pressures will be rounded to the nearest whole value using traditional rounding conventions.

6) Where the word “gallon” is used in this Code, it indicates a U.S. gallon equivalent to 3.785 L water capacity.

1.6 Gauge pressure

All references to pressure throughout this Code are to be considered gauge pressures, unless otherwise specified.

1.7 Mandatory language

In this Code, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Code; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Code.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

Note: See Annex F for explanatory material.