Energy

1.1 Application of exemption quantities or clearance levels

This Guideline addresses the application of exemption quantities or clearance levels for the release of waste and other materials containing, or potentially containing, nuclear substances. In this Guideline, such materials are referred to as “impacted materials”.

In this Guideline, “nuclear substances” encompasses those defined by the Nuclear Safety and Control Act, with the exception of Deuterium.

This Guideline has been developed to address the application of the Nuclear Substances and Radiation Devices Regulations (NSRDR), but it may also be used for guidance on the application of other exemption quantities or clearance levels.

Notes:

For the purposes of this Guideline, in Canada, the federal AHJ is the CNSC

Examples of other exemption quantities or clearance levels include specific criteria set by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) and the criteria provided in IAEA No. GSR Part 3

 

1.2 Strategies and methodologies for the exemption or clearance process

This Guideline includes strategies and methodologies to optimize efforts and confidence levels of the exemption or clearance process, including

a) determining appropriate exemption quantities, conditional clearance levels, or unconditional clearance levels;

b) providing sampling and analysis techniques for assessing the radiological status of materials identified for exemption or clearance; and

c) applying decision techniques for evaluating sampling and analysis results against the exemption quantities or clearance levels.

1.3 Types of materials

This Guideline addresses exemption or clearance of

a) moderate and bulk quantities of solids, including

i) materials and equipment;

ii) building structures (in-situ) and building materials from demolition activities; and

iii) lands (in-situ) and excavated soils; and

 

b) non-effluent liquids.

Notes:

This Guideline addresses the radiological properties of materials intended for exemption or clearance.

This Guideline also covers radiological aspects of impacted materials with mixed contaminants; that is, materials that contain, or might contain, both nuclear substances and hazardous, chemical, or biological components

 

1.4 Exclusions

This Guideline does not address:

Exemption or clearance of the following types of materials:

Category I, II, or III material as defined in the Nuclear Security Regulations;

liquid or gaseous effluents from nuclear facilities;

For requirements and guidance on effluents from nuclear facilities, see the CSA N288 Series of Standards.

naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) or technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) other than NORM or TENORM that is or has been associated with the development, production, or use of nuclear energy;

Notes:

In Canada, NORM and TENORM are addressed by Health Canada in Canadian Guidelines for the Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and are regulated by Provincial and Territorial governments.

While this Guideline is not applicable to the management NORM or TENORM, the principles in this Guideline can be useful for their management.

effluents directly resulting from patients who have received medically administered nuclear substances; and

remains of deceased nuclear medicine patients from medical facilities.

aspects related to safeguards;

non-radiological aspects of materials with mixed contaminants; and

application of the concept of exclusion, as defined by the AHJ.

1.5 CSA N292.0

This Guideline is used in conjunction with CSA N292.0, as applicable.

1.6 Users

This Guideline applies to organizations or facilities of all sizes that generate, handle, process, transport, store, and dispose of nuclear substances.

Note: Examples of facilities include, but are not limited to, nuclear reactors, waste management facilities, research institutes, medical facilities, manufacturing facilities, laboratories, and industrial facilities.

1.7 Terminology

In this Guideline, “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required, and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Guideline.

1.1 Application des quantités d’exemption ou des niveaux de libération.

Cette ligne directrice traite de l’application des quantités d’exemption ou des niveaux de libération pour le rejet de déchets et d’autres matières contenant ou susceptibles de contenir des substances nucléaires. Dans cette ligne directrice, ces matières sont appelées « matières contaminées ».

Dans cette ligne directrice, les « substances nucléaires » englobent celles qui sont définies dans la Loi sur la sûreté et la réglementation nucléaires, à l’exception du deutérium.

Cette ligne directrice a été élaborée pour traiter de l’application du Règlement sur les substances nucléaires et les appareils à rayonnement (RSNAR), mais elle peut également servir de guide pour l’application d’autres quantités d’exemption ou niveaux de libération.

Notes :

Dans le contexte de cette ligne directrice, au Canada, l’autorité compétente fédérale est la CCSN.

Des exemples d’autres quantités d’exemption ou niveaux de libération comprennent des critères spécifiques élaborés par l’autorité compétente (AC) et les critères fournis dans le Nº GSR partie 3 de l’AIEA.

 

1.2 Stratégies et méthodologies pour le processus d’exemption ou de libération

Cette ligne directrice comprend des stratégies et des méthodologies visant à optimiser les efforts et les niveaux de confiance du processus d’exemption ou de libération, notamment :

a) en établissant des quantités d’exemption, des niveaux de libération conditionnelle ou des niveaux de libération inconditionnelle;

b) en proposant des techniques d’échantillonnage et d’analyse pour l’évaluation de l’état radiologique des matières identifiées comme candidates à l’exemption ou la libération; et

c) en appliquant des techniques décisionnelles permettant d’évaluer les résultats en fonction des quantités d’exemption et des niveaux de libération.

1.3 Types de matériaux

Cette ligne directrice traite de l’exemption ou de la libération :

a) de quantités modérées et en vrac de matières solides, y compris :

i) les matériaux et les équipements;

ii) les structures (in situ) et les matériaux de construction provenant d’activités de démantèlement; et

iii) les sols (in situ) et les sols excavés; et

 

b) les liquides non effluents.

Notes :

Cette ligne directrice traite des propriétés radiologiques des matières destinées à l’exemption ou à la libération.

Cette ligne directrice traite également des aspects radiologiques des matières contaminées comportant des contaminants mixtes, c’est-à-dire des matières qui contiennent ou pourraient contenir à la fois des substances nucléaires et des composants dangereux, chimiques ou biologiques.

 

 

1.4 Exclusions

Cette ligne directrice ne traite pas de ce qui suit :

Exemption ou libération des types de matières suivantes :

matières de catégorie I, II, ou III telles que définies dans le Règlement sur la sécurité nucléaire;

effluents liquides ou gazeux des installations nucléaires;

Pour les exigences et les conseils concernant les effluents des installations nucléaires, voir la série de normes CSA N288.

matières radioactives naturelles (MRN) ou matières radioactives naturelles améliorées technologiquement (MRNAT) autres que les MRN ou les MRNAT qui sont ou ont été associées au développement, à la production ou à l’utilisation de l’énergie nucléaire;

Notes :

Au Canada, les MRN et les MRNAT sont traités par Santé Canada dans les Lignes directrices canadiennes pour la gestion des matières radioactives naturelles (MRN) et sont réglementées par les gouvernements provinciaux et territoriaux.

Bien que cette ligne directrice guide ne concerne pas à la gestion des MRN ou des MRNAT, les principes qu’elle contient sont susceptibles d’être utiles pour leur gestion.

effluents provenant directement de patients ayant reçu des substances nucléaires administrées à des fins médicales; et

restes des patients décédés ayant subi un traitement en médecine nucléaire, en provenance d’une installation médicale.

aspects liés aux mesures de protection;

aspects non radiologiques des matières contenant des contaminants mixtes; et

l’application du concept d’exclusion, tel que défini par l’autorité compétente.

1.5 CSA N292.0

Cette ligne directrice est utilisée conjointement avec CSA N292.0, le cas échéant.

1.6 Utilisateurs

Cette ligne directrice s’applique aux organisations ou aux installations de déchets de toutes tailles qui génèrent, manipulent, traitent, transportent, stockent et éliminent des substances nucléaires.

Note : Les exemples d’installations comprennent, mais sans s’y limiter, les réacteurs nucléaires, les installations de gestion des déchets, les instituts de recherche, les établissements médicaux, les sites de production, les laboratoires et les installations industrielles.

1.7 Terminologie

Dans cette ligne directrice, « devrait » indique une recommandation ou ce qu’il est conseillé, mais non obligatoire de faire; et « peut » indique une possibilité ou ce qu’il est permis de faire.

1.1 Standard for gas food service equipment

This Standard applies to newly produced gas food service equipment providing coverage for ranges and unit broilers, baking and roasting ovens, counter appliances, deep fat fryers, kettles, steam cookers, steam generators, tableside cooking appliances (see Clause 3, Definitions), hereinafter referred to as either (1) “appliances” constructed entirely of new, unused parts and materials for use in food service centers of commercial, industrial, institutional and public assembly buildings, or (2) “outdoor appliances” constructed entirely of new, unused parts and materials for outdoor use and/or for installation in either carts or trailers. Appliances covered under this Standard are for use with:

a)  natural gas;

d)  propane gas;

e)  liquefied petroleum (LP) gases (see Clause 5.2-e);

f)  a tableside cooking appliance only, for use with butane gas;

g) LP gas-air mixtures; and

h)   natural gas and convertible to either propane gas or LP gases.

The construction of gas food service equipment for use with the above-mentioned gases is covered under Clause 4.

The performance of gas food service equipment for use with the above-mentioned gases is covered under Clause 5.

1.2 Gas inlet pressures

The maximum allowable gas inlet pressures for the allowable fuels are as follows:

 a)  natural gas, 10.5 in wc (2.61 kPa);

d)  propane gas, 13.0 in wc (3.23 kPa);

e)  liquefied petroleum (LP) gases, 13.0 in wc (3.23 kPa);

f)  a tableside cooking appliance only, for use with butane gas, 13.0 in wc (3.23 kPa) ;

g) LP gas-air mixtures, 9.0 in wc (2.24 kPa); and

 

1.3 Gas manifold pressures

The maximum allowable gas manifold pressures for the allowable fuels are as follows:

 a)  natural gas, 10.5 in wc (2.61 kPa);

d)  propane gas, 13.0 in wc (3.23 kPa);

e)  liquefied petroleum (LP) gases, 13.0 in wc (3.23 kPa);

f)  a tableside cooking appliance only, for use with butane gas, 13.0 in wc (3.23 kPa) ;

g) LP gas-air mixtures, 9.0 in wc (2.24 kPa); and

 

1.2 Conformity of food service appliances to applicable requirements

All food service appliances (see Clause 3) conform to the applicable requirements under Clauses 4 and 5. In addition, for requirements specific to product type also see:

 

a)           Clause 6, Range and Unit Broilers construction,

b)           Clause 7, Range and Unit Broilers performance,

c)           Clause 8, Baking and roasting ovens construction,

              d)Clause 9, Baking and roasting ovens performance,

e)           Clause 10, Deep fat fryers construction,

f)            Clause 11, Deep fat fryers performance,

g)           Clause 12, Counter or Floor Mounted appliances, construction,

h)Clause 13, Counter or Floor Mounted appliances, performance,

i)            Clause 14, Kettles, Steam Cookers and Steam Generators, construction,

              j)Clause 15, Kettles, Steam Cookers and Steam Generators, performance,

k)           Clause 16, Tableside cooking appliances, construction,

              l)Clause 17, Tableside cooking appliances, performance,

m)         Clause 18, Outdoor appliances, carts and trailers, construction; and,

            n)Clause 19, Outdoor appliances, carts and trailers, performance.1.3 Outdoor appliance towing regulations

An outdoor appliance includes an appliance that is intended to be towed behind a vehicle. This Standard does not address the issues of road performance or Department of Transportation (Federal, State, Canadian, or Provincial) rules and regulations concerning trailers.

1.4 Permanent gas distribution system in carts and trailers

 

This Standard covers the permanent gas distribution system used in any cart or trailer that is being submitted for evaluation under this Standard.

 

1.5 LP Gas supply systems

This Standard covers appliances that have an LP supply system including fixed piping systems, self-contained supply systems with a minimum and maximum size of XXX and XXX respectively and remote cylinders with flexible hose connections.

1.6 Exclusions for mobile structures and appliances

 

This Standard is not intended for appliances that are:

a) for use in mobile structures with walls on all four sides and a permanent roof;

b) separate for mounting on a trailer or cart; or

c) carts or trailers that are without appliances.

 

1.7 Electrical equipment, wiring, and accessories in appliances

This Standard also covers all electrical equipment, wiring, and accessories built in or supplied for use with an appliance. It covers only such appliances with electrical equipment, wiring, and accessories that are installed in accordance with the NFPA 70 or CSA C22.1, as applicable.

 

1.8 Operational voltage

This Standard does not limit the voltages allowable for the proper operation of the appliance.

 

1.9 Electrical appliance sections

This Standard also covers appliances with incorporate dedicated electrical cooking sections that are evaluated in accordance with CSA-C22.2 No. 3 or CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60335-2-102

1.10 Reference to psi in the standard

All references to psi through this Standard are considered gauge pressure unless otherwise specified.

1.11 Standard for portable tableside cooking appliance with self-contained butane gas fuel supply

This Standard covers a portable tableside cooking appliance equipped with a self-contained butane gas fuel supply with inputs not greater than 15,000 Btu/Hr(4,396 W).

 

A portable tableside cooking appliances is for use by commercial restaurants and may be used indoors, outdoors, or both.  A portable tableside cooking appliance covered under this Standard is not for household use.

1.13 Items unique to the United States

Annex A contains items that are unique to the United States.

1.14 Annex B contains items that are unique to Canada.

Annex B contains items that are unique to Canada.

1.15 List of specifically referenced standards and their sources

Clause 2 contains a list of standards specifically referenced in this Standard, and sources from which these reference standards may be obtained.

1.16 Special construction provisions for convertible appliances

Special construction provisions applicable to an appliance convertible for use with natural gas and LP gases are outlined under Clauses 4.9.3, 4.14.1, and 4.35.2-h(3).

1.17 Special construction provisions for appliances with optional conversion kit

Special construction provisions applicable to an appliance designed for use with an optional conversion kit are outlined under Annex C.

1.18 Interpretation of terms and annex designation

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user shall satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

 

1.19 Units of measurement in Standard

The values given in US customary units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.

Note: IEEE/ASTM SI 10 or ISO 80000-1 can be used as a guide when converting imperial units to metric units.

 

1.1 Inclusions

This Standard applies to the decommissioning of nuclear facilities and locations where nuclear substances and radiation devices are managed, possessed, stored, or disposed.

Notes:

Users are responsible for determining the extent to which this Standard applies to a given facility or location and for consulting the associated regulatory requirements.

Annexes J, H, K, and I contain recommended approaches for the decommissioning of mine waste rock and mill tailings, complex sites, facilities (other than Class I or II), and high energy reactor facilities, respectively.

1.2 Exclusions

This Standard does not apply to the decommissioning of facilities or equipment involving only

naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM);

technologically enhanced, naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM); or

radiation-emitting devices.

Notes:

In Canada, radiation-emitting devices includes those consumer and medical devices (e.g., x-rays, microwaves, lasers) regulated under the Radiation Emitting Devices Act and similar industrial radiation-emitting devices regulated by the provinces.

This Standard provides guidance that might be useful for facilities and sites containing the materials and equipment specified in this Clause.

1.3 Partial rehabilitation of a facility

It might be necessary, for functional purposes (e.g., reuse of a building) or for the mitigation of risk and cost escalation, to rehabilitate part of a facility during operation (e.g., in a redundant building or mined-out pit). Though rehabilitation is not specifically addressed in this Standard, the methodology and principles of decommissioning may be applied to the rehabilitation of a portion of a facility.

Note: Regulatory approval might be required for rehabilitation work.

1.4 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.1 Inclusions

Cette norme s’applique au déclassement des installations nucléaires et d’autres sites où des substances nucléaires et des appareils à rayonnement sont gérés, entreposés ou éliminés.

Notes :

Les utilisateurs sont responsables de déterminer la portée de l’application de cette norme dans une installation ou à un emplacement donné, et de vérifier les exigences réglementaires connexes.

Les annexes  J, H, K et  I présentent les approches recommandées pour le déclassement des stériles et des résidus des usines de concentration, des sites complexes et des installations (autres que celles des catégories I ou II) et les installations avec réacteur à haute énergie, respectivement.

1.2 Exclusions

Cette norme ne s’applique pas au déclassement des installations ou des équipements utilisés uniquement pour :

des matières radioactives naturelles (MRN);

des matières radioactives naturelles améliorées technologiquement (MRNAT); ou

des appareils émetteurs de rayonnement.

Notes :

Au Canada, les appareils émetteurs de rayonnement incluent les dispositifs médicaux et en vente libre (p. ex., rayons X, micro-ondes et lasers) régis par la Loi sur les dispositifs émettant des radiations et des appareils émetteurs de rayonnement industriels semblables, réglementés par les provinces.

Cette norme contient des directives qui pourraient être utiles dans les installations et sites qui contiennent des matières et des équipements spécifiés dans cet article.

1.3 Réhabilitation partielle d’une installation

Il pourrait s’avérer nécessaire, à des fins fonctionnelles (p. ex., réutilisation d’un bâtiment) ou à des fins d’atténuation des risques ou d’escalade des coûts, de réhabiliter une partie d’une installation durant son exploitation (p. ex., dans un bâtiment superflu ou un puits qui n’est plus productif). Bien que la réhabilitation ne soit pas spécifiquement abordée dans cette norme, la méthodologie et les principes de déclassement peuvent être appliqués à la réhabilitation d’une partie d’une installation.

Note : Une approbation réglementaire pourrait être exigée pour des travaux de réhabilitation.

1.4 Terminologie

Dans cette norme, le terme « doit » indique une exigence, c’est‐à‐dire une prescription que l’utilisateur est obligé de respecter pour assurer la conformité à la norme; « devrait » indique une recommandation ou ce qu’il est conseillé, mais non obligatoire de faire; et « peut » indique une possibilité ou ce qu’il est permis de faire.

Les notes qui accompagnent les articles ne comprennent pas de prescriptions ni de recommandations. Elles servent à séparer du texte les explications ou les renseignements qui ne font pas proprement partie de la norme.

Les notes au bas des figures et des tableaux font partie de ceux-ci et peuvent être rédigées comme des prescriptions.

Les annexes sont qualifiées de normatives (obligatoires) ou d’informatives (facultatives) pour en préciser l’application.

1.1 Inclusions

1.1.1 Vehicle maintenance

This Code applies to the portions of a motor vehicle maintenance facility where natural-gas-fuelled industrial, on-road and off-road vehicles and bulk containers are maintained, repaired, or stored during maintenance or repair, including areas and systems ancillary thereto. If a vehicle being maintained has multiple fuels and one of the fuels is CNG or LNG, then the requirements of this code shall apply.

Note: See Annex E for explanatory material.

 

1.1.2 Vehicle parking

This Code also contains information on private parking structures where natural gas fuelled industrial, on-road and off-road vehicles are parked or stored, including areas and systems ancillary thereto. See Annex D.

1.1.3 Parking structure requirements

For purposes of this Code, private parking structures have the same requirements as minor repair areas.

1.2 Exclusions

The scope of this Code does not include

a) indoor or outdoor refuelling operations;

b) open parking structures;

c) public parking structures of any construction; or

d) other fuels used for vehicles.

1.3 Purpose

The purpose of this Code is to provide reasonable means to manage the risks associated with the maintenance and repair of vehicles fuelled with compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG) inside motor vehicle maintenance facilities.

Note: See Annex E for explanatory material.

1.4 Terminology

The terms “fuelling” and “refuelling” are used interchangeably in this Code. The terms “park” and “store” and all derivatives thereof are used interchangeably in this Code.

1.5 Units of  measure

The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Code. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.

Notes:

1) IEEE/ASTM SI 10 or ISO 80000-1 can be used as a guide when converting Imperial units to metric units.

2) Less than 1 m will be shown in mm.

3) 1 m or more will be shown in m to the nearest 0.1 m.

4) Ft/in conversions will be rounded to the nearest full inch using traditional rounding conventions.

5) Pressures will be rounded to the nearest whole value using traditional rounding conventions.

6) Where the word “gallon” is used in this Code, it indicates a U.S. gallon equivalent to 3.785 L water capacity.

1.6 Gauge pressure

All references to pressure throughout this Code are to be considered gauge pressures, unless otherwise specified.

1.7 Mandatory language

In this Code, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Code; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Code.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

Note: See Annex E for explanatory material.

This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. 

In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC TS 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.

This document is intended to apply to all terrestrial flat plate module materials such as crystalline silicon module types as well as thin-film modules. It does not apply to systems that are not long-term applications, such as flexible modules installed in awnings or tenting.

This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration.

This document does not address the particularities of PV modules with integrated electronics.

It may however be used as a basis for testing such PV modules.

The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design, and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.

Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1. In contrast, the tests procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules. 

This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime.

In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.

This document is intended to apply to all thin-film amorphous silicon (a-Si; a-Si/µc-Si) based terrestrial flat plate modules. As such, it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing.

This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration.

The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.

Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1. In contrast, the tests procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.

This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.

This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126.

Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.

This document is intended to apply to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules.

This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration.

The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.

Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1:2021. In contrast, the tests procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.

This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.

This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime.

In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.

This document is intended to apply to all thin-film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 based terrestrial flat plate modules. As such it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing.

This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration.

The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.

Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1. In contrast, the tests procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.

This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.

This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. 

In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.

This document is intended to apply to all thin-film CdTe based terrestrial flat plate modules. As such, it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing.

This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration.

The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.

Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1. In contrast, the tests procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.  

This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.

This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. 

In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 631261. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC TS 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.

This document is intended to apply to all terrestrial flat plate module materials such as crystalline silicon module types as well as thin-film modules.

This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration.

The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.

Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1:2021. In contrast, the tests procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules. 

1.1 General

This Standard specifies requirements for the design of concrete containment structures , and addresses their beyond design basis assessment. Concrete containment structures include the following structural and non-structural elements:

a) concrete;

b) reinforcement (pre-stressed and non-pre-stressed);

c) steel (e.g., liner, embedded parts, anchors);

d) non-metallic liners and coating systems;

e) joint sealants and water stops; and

f) elements necessary to support the containment structure (e.g., foundations).

 

1.2 Application

This Standard is used in concert with the other standards of the CSA N287 series of Standards.

 

This Standard is applicable to new nuclear power plants’ concrete containment structures to be built in Canada. Application of the Standard to concrete containment structures to be built outside Canada is subject to approval of the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).

 

The application of the Standard to existing or operating nuclear power plants is as agreed upon by the owner/operating organization and the AHJ.

1.3 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard.

 

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

 

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application.

1.1 Généralités

Cette norme énonce les exigences relatives à la conception des enceintes de confinement en béton et traite leur évaluation hors dimensionnement. Les enceintes de confinement en béton comprennent les éléments structuraux et non structuraux suivants :

a) béton

b) armatures (précontraintes et non précontraintes);

c) acier (p. ex., membrane protectrice, pièces encastrées, ancrages);

d) systèmes de membrane protectrice non métallique et de revêtement;

f) garnitures de joint et joints Waterstop; et

g) éléments nécessaires au soutien d’une enceinte de confinement (p. ex., fondations).

 

1.2 Application

Cette norme est utilisée conjointement avec les autres normes de la série CSA N287.

 

Cette norme s'applique aux enceintes de confinement en béton des nouvelles centrales nucléaires devant être construites au Canada. Son application aux enceintes de confinement en béton devant être construites à l'extérieur du Canada est assujettie à l'approbation de l'autorité compétente (AC).

 

L’application de la norme à des centrales nucléaires existantes ou en cours d’exploitation fait l’objet d’une entente entre le propriétaire/exploitant et l’autorité compétente.

1.3 Terminologie

Dans cette norme, le terme «doit» indique une exigence, c'est-à-dire une prescription que l'utilisateur doit respecter pour assurer la conformité à la norme ; «devrait» indique une recommandation ou ce qu'il est conseillé mais non obligatoire de faire ; et «peut», une possibilité ou ce qu'il est permis de faire.

 

Les notes qui accompagnent les articles ne comprennent pas de prescriptions ni de recommandations. Elles servent à séparer du texte les explications ou les renseignements qui ne font pas proprement partie de la norme.

Les notes au bas des figures et des tableaux font partie de ceux-ci et peuvent être rédigées comme des prescriptions.

 

Les annexes sont qualifiées de normatives (obligatoires) ou d'informatives (facultatives) pour en préciser l'application.