Occupational Health and Safety
1.1 General
This Standard applies to the design, characteristics, construction, installation, dismantling, operation, inspection, testing, and maintenance of tower cranes.
This Standard applies to tower cranes powered by electric motors or internal combustion engines and any variations thereof that retain the same fundamental characteristics. The scope includes cranes of these types that adjust operating radius by means of a
a) boom-luffing mechanism;
b) trolley traversing a horizontal boom; or
c) a combination of the two.
This Standard is also intended to cover self-erecting tower cranes. Tower cranes can be mounted on fixed or travelling bases. Additional mounting means can include arrangements that permit the crane to climb in the structure being built or that permit increasing the tower height as the structure rises.
1.2 Purpose
This Standard is designed to
a) guard against and minimize injury to workers, and otherwise provide for the protection of life, limb, and property by prescribing safety requirements;
b) provide direction to owners, employers, supervisors, crane erectors, operators, and others concerned with, or responsible for, its application; and
c) guide governments and other regulatory bodies in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of appropriate safety directives.
It is also expected that this Standard will have a major application in industry, serving as a guide to manufacturers, purchasers, and users of the equipment.
1.3 Application
This Standard applies to new and existing tower cranes unless otherwise specified in this Standard.
1.4 Terminology
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.5 Units of measurement
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
1.1 General
This Standard includes requirements for the safe operation of various types of suspended equipment (see Figure 1) used to gain access to interior or exterior, or both, sides, ceilings and soffits of buildings or structures. Much of the equipment referred to in this Standard is designed, installed, inspected, and tested in accordance with CAN/CSA-Z271 and other referenced standards. This Standard does not apply to crane-suspended platforms or baskets (see CSA Z150), multi-point bridge platforms, or hanging scaffolds.
Note: While this Standard is not intended to cover equipment design and building provisions, both CAN/CSA-Z271 and this Standard contain necessary information for design and operation of suspended equipment.
1.2 Application
This Standard specifies the safety requirements for suspended equipment that is normally used for, but whose use is not limited to, window cleaning, exterior building cleaning, painting, application of sealants and insulation, brickwork, repointing, renovations, inspection, and related building/structure maintenance.
Figure 1
Various types of suspended equipment
(See Clause 1.1.)
1.3 Development of new equipment or practices
This Standard is not intended to prevent the development of new equipment or practices or to prescribe specifically how innovations should be handled.
Notes:
The use of practices, equipment, or safety devices that are different from those described in this Standard may be deemed to meet the requirements of this Standard, provided that it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction, or the certification agency acting on its behalf, that these differences will not impair the suitability of the equipment or safety devices, or their intended use.
Information on the relationship between rope access and the equipment covered in this Standard and CAN/CSA-Z271 can be found in Annex C.
1.4 Precedence
Where the requirements of this Standard are at variance with the requirements of other standards or codes referred to in this Standard, the requirements of this Standard take precedence.
Note: Refer to applicable jurisdictional building codes for information relevant to requirements for installations on buildings.
1.5 Terminology
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.6 Units
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
1.1 Scope of the standard
This Standard sets out requirements for the selection, use, and care of respirators and for the administration of an effective respiratory protection program in the workplace.
1.2 Outside of scope for the purpose of selection
This Standard is not intended to address the selection of:
a) respirators for aircraft oxygen systems;
b) supplied-air or ventilated suits;
c) respirators for investigating and dismantling clandestine synthetic drug laboratories (CDLs) and marijuana grow operations (MGOs) (see CAN/CGSB/CSA-Z1640-18); or
d) respirators for protection against radiological contaminants.
This Standard applies to all other aspects of a respiratory protection program for these respirators, excluding Clauses 8 and 9.
1.3 Outside of scope for selection, requirements, and use
This Standard is not intended to address the selection, requirements, and use of:
a) underwater breathing devices (see CSA Z275.2);
b) inhalators and resuscitators; or
c) respiratory protection for first responders during CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear) events (see CAN/CGSB/CSA-Z1610; Clauses of CSA Z94.4 may be referenced within).
1.4 Units of measurement
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
1.5 Application of language in the Standard
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.