Construction and Engineering
This standard establishes a clear framework for conducting climate change vulnerability assessments for dams in Canada. The standard will be fit to purposes and will work towards including requirements for determining the potential impacts of climate change on dam components and operations and the implications it might have for their strategic asset management processes providing a basis for climate change adaptation planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, specific to the dam system.
1.1 Exclusions
This standard does not apply to:
a) The physical impacts or interactions of the dam system on the surrounding environment (i.e. erosion, downstream flooding, fisheries, water quality, etc.);
b) Emission from the reservoir; and
c) Transitional risks which do not directly affect the operations or functions of the dam
1.2 Terminology
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.3 Units of measure
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
1.1 General
This Standard provides criteria in accordance with the National Building Code of Canada, for the structural design and evaluation of structures or structural elements made from wood or wood products, including:
a) graded lumber;
b) glued-laminated timber;
c) cross-laminated timber (CLT);
d) mechanically laminated timber (MLT);
e) unsanded plywood;
f) oriented strand board (OSB);
g) composite building components;
h) shearwalls and diaphragms;
i) timber-concrete-composite (TCC);
j) timber piling;
k) pole-type construction;
l) prefabricated wood I-joists;
m) structural composite lumber;
n) permanent wood foundations;
o) plank decking;
p) nail-laminated decking; and
q) structural connections.
1.2 Exclusions
This Standard does not include design of timber bridges.
1.3 Design method
This Standard employs the limit states design method.
1.4 Terminology
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a Clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.5 Units of measurement
If a value for measurement as given in this Standard is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated value is to be regarded as the specification.
1.1 General
This Standard covers chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC) pipe, tubing, and fittings in the following sizes and uses:
a) SDR 11, and Schedules 40 and 80 pipe in pipe sizes whose dimension ratio does not exceed 11, for use in hot- and cold-water distribution systems at a maximum working pressure of 690 kPa and a maximum working temperature of 82 °C; and
b) SDR 13.5 and SDR 21 for use only in cold-water distribution and water service systems at a maximum working pressure of 2170 kPa and 1380 kPa, respectively, and a maximum working temperature of 23 °C.
Note: This Standard does not specify requirements for venting of combustion gases. In Canada, ULC S636 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases. In the United States, UL 1738 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases.
1.2 Requirements
This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions and tolerances, hydrostatic sustained pressure strength, thermocycling resistance, solvent cement, joint strength, and markings.
1.1 Scope of this Standard
This Standard specifies requirements for thermoplastic pressure piping. It includes reference publications, definitions, abbreviations, general requirements for materials and manufactured pipe and fittings, relevant test methods, and marking requirements.
Notes:
1) The terms “pipe” and “piping” are used interchangeably in the CSA B137 Series.
2) The terms “tube” and “tubing” are used interchangeably in the CSA B137 Series.
3) The terms "pipe” and “piping” are not interchangeable with the terms “tube” and “tubing” in the CSA B137 Series except where noted within the specific product standard.
4) This Standard does not specify requirements for venting of combustion gases. In Canada, ULC S636 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases. In the United States, UL 1738 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases.
1.2 Intent of this Standard
This Standard is intended to be used in conjunction with one of the other Standards in the CSA B137 Series to form a complete Standard for a particular product.
1.1 General
This Standard covers polyethylene (PE) pipe and tubing, and fittings for use in transporting potable or non-potable water in applications such as water mains, water service lines, building supply lines, wastewater forcemains, reclaimed water, irrigation, district energy, or water-based ground source geothermal systems, in either buried, submerged, or above-ground installations.
1.2 Requirements
This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions, sustained pressure, environmental stress cracking, and markings.
1.1 General
This Standard covers rigid polyvinylchloride (PVC) injection-moulded fittings that have gasketed joints and are intended for use in pressure applications such as water mains, water service piping, process piping, and fire lines. Fittings covered by this Standard are suitable for use with PVC pipes having outside diameter dimensions of cast iron pipe. Only one pressure rating, 1620 kPa at 23 °C (PC 235), is covered in this Standard and is suitable for use with compatible outside diameter PVC pipes having a dimension ratio (DR) of 18 or more.
Note: Where PVC fittings are to be used in applications other than those involving water, the manufacturer should be consulted.
1.2 Requirements
This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, long-term performance under sustained hydrostatic pressure, dimensions, markings, and injection-moulding quality.
1.1 General
This Standard covers rigid polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe and fittings intended for use in pressure applications such as water mains, water service piping, and process piping. The fittings covered by this Standard include moulded, solvent-cemented, gasketed, or threaded fittings, and fittings that have been fabricated for use with any joining method.
Notes:
Where PVC pipe and fittings are to be used in non-water applications, the manufacturer should be consulted.
This Standard does not specify requirements for venting of combustion gases. In Canada, ULC S636 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases. In the United States, UL 1738 specifies testing and marking requirements for pipe, fittings, and accessories intended for venting of combustion gases.
1.2 Requirements
1.1 General
This Standard covers molecularly oriented polyvinylchloride (PVCO) pipe intended for use in pressure applications such as water mains, sewer force mains, and process piping.
Note: This Standard does not address chemical compatibility between PVCO pipe and process fluids. Where PVCO pipe is to be used in non-water applications, the manufacturer should be consulted.
1.2 Joining method
PVCO complying with this Standard is not suitable for solvent cementing and is intended to be joined by gasketed joints.
1.3 Requirements
This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions, markings, hydrostatic sustained pressure, extrusion, impact resistance, and quality for PVCO pipe.
1.1 General
This Standard covers polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) macrocomposite pipe consisting of a welded aluminum tube laminated by a melt adhesive to layers of polyethylene (PE) inside and outside the aluminum tube. The pipes covered in this Standard are pressure rated for 1380 kPa at 23 °C, 1035 kPa at 60 °C, or 690 kPa at 82 °C.
Systems are intended for use in potable water distribution systems or other applications, including municipal water service lines, reclaimed water distribution, radiant panel heating systems, hydronic baseboard heating systems, snow and ice melting systems, building services piping, compressed air distribution, ground source geothermal systems, underground irrigation, and compressed gas distribution (not including fuel gases), provided that the PE-AL-PE systems comply with the applicable code requirements. Residential and commercial systems are included.
Note: The complete structure, consisting of the aluminum, melt adhesive, and layers of PE intimately bonded together, is known as pipe. For the purposes of this Standard, the layer of welded aluminum, or the internal or external layer of PE, is known as a tube. Tubes, intimately bonded together by the melt adhesive, form a pipe.
1.2 Requirements
The Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions, thermocycling resistance, sustained pressure performance, delamination resistance, and marking.
Notes:
1) In developing the hydrostatic design basis for PE-AL-PE pipes, in accordance with CSA B137.0, pressure has been substituted for fibre stress.
2) The pressure rating of PE-AL-PE pipes is contingent on the thickness of the aluminum metal reinforcing layer.
Pipes having the same dimension ratio but different metal reinforcing layer thicknesses will have different pressure ratings. The dimension ratio therefore cannot be used, as it is with homogeneous walled pipes, to assess changes in pressure rating with wall thickness variation.
1.1 General
This Standard covers polyethylene (PE) pipe and tubing, and plastic and metal fittings for use in gas mains and services, including gathering, transmission, and distribution of fuel gases containing not more than 1% aromatic hydrocarbons.
1.2 Fittings and connections
This Standard covers all types of fittings and connections used in PE gas pipelines, including
plastic-to-metal transition fittings;
plastic component fittings (e.g., elbows, tees, end caps, and valves); and
clamps and couplings.
Notes:
In this Standard, “pipe” refers to pipe having IPS outside diameters and “tubing” refers to pipe having copper tube size outside diameters.
In this Standard, test requirements for pipe apply to both pipe and tubing.
1.3 Applicability to gas distribution systems
This Standard specifies the manufacturing and testing requirements necessary to ensure that the PE compound, pipe, and fittings are of a quality acceptable for use in gas distribution systems. This Standard specifies requirements for
primary properties of the compound;
physical properties of the finished product;
on-line monitoring during production;
shipping and storage; and
markings.
Note: The user of the pipe, tubing, or fittings should refer to CSA Z662 for design and installation limitations of products covered by this Standard.
1.1 General
This Standard covers socket- and saddle-type polyethylene (PE) electrofusion fittings that are used to join PE pipe where the heat source is an integral part of the fitting.
Note: Fittings covered by this Standard are connected to an electrical power source during the fusion process. Power sources, cables, and electrical connections are covered by the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I and Part II, as appropriate.
1.2 Intended use
PE electrofusion fittings covered by this Standard are intended for use with PE pipe that complies with CSA B137.4.
1.3 Requirements
This Standard specifies general requirements for materials, performance, manufactured fittings, specimen preparation, test methods, markings, and quality of work.
Notes:
In this Standard, “pipe” refers to pipe having IPS outside diameters and “tubing” refers to pipe having copper tube outside diameters.
In this Standard, test requirements for pipe apply to both pipe and tubing.
1.1 General
This Standard covers crosslinked polyethylene/aluminum/crosslinked polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) macrocomposite pipe consisting of a welded aluminum (AL) tube laminated by a melt adhesive to layers of crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) inside and outside the aluminum tube. This Standard also covers fittings (connectors) for use with PEX-AL-PEX pipe. The pipes covered in this Standard are pressure rated for 1380 kPa at 23 °C or 860 kPa at 82 °C, or both.
Systems are intended for use in potable water distribution systems or other applications, including municipal water service lines, reclaimed water distribution, radiant panel heating systems, hydronic baseboard heating systems, snow and ice melting systems, building services piping, compressed air distribution, ground source geothermal systems, underground irrigation, and compressed gas distribution (not including fuel gases), provided that the PEX-AL-PEX systems comply with the applicable code requirements. Residential and commercial systems are included.
Note: The complete structure, consisting of the aluminum, melt adhesive, and layers of crosslinked polyethylene intimately bonded together, is known as pipe. For the purposes of this Standard, the layer of welded aluminum, or the internal and external layer of crosslinked polyethylene, is known as a tube. Tubes, intimately bonded together by the melt adhesive, form a pipe.
1.2 Requirements
This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions, thermocycling resistance, sustained pressure performance, delamination resistance, and marking.
Notes:
In developing the hydrostatic design basis for PEX-AL-PEX pipes, in accordance with CSA B137.0, pressure has been substituted for fibre stress.
The pressure rating of PEX-AL-PEX pipes is contingent on the thickness of the aluminum metal reinforcing layer. Pipes having the same dimension ratio but different metal reinforcing layer thicknesses will have different pressure ratings. The dimension ratio therefore cannot be used, as it is with homogeneous walled pipes, to assess changes in pressure rating with wall thickness variation.
1.1 General
This Standard specifies requirements for polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) tubing systems that comprise tubing, with or without a barrier layer, and fittings.
Tubing covered by this Standard is made in SDR 9.
Systems are pressure rated at two temperatures: 1105 kPa at 23 °C and 690 kPa at 82 °C. Systems are intended for use in potable water distribution systems or other applications, including municipal water service lines, building supply lines, reclaimed water distribution, radiant panel heating and cooling systems, hydronic baseboard heating systems, snow and ice melting heating systems, building services piping, compressed air distribution, and ground source geothermal systems, provided that the PE-RT tubing systems covered in this Standard comply with the applicable code requirements. Residential and commercial systems are included.
Note: The requirements and test methods specified in this Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This Standard does not purport to address all potential safety problems associated with its use. Before using this Standard, users are responsible for establishing appropriate health and safety practices and determining the applicability of any regulatory limitations.
1.2 Requirements
This Standard specifies requirements for
materials;
quality of work;
tubing;
metal components of mechanical fittings;
fittings;
interior liners;
dimensions;
hydrostatic capability;
marking for tubing and fittings; and
marking for flexible pre-insulated tubing.
1.1 General
This Standard covers crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) pipe and fittings for use in gas mains and services, including gas gathering, gas transmission, and distribution of fuel gases.
1.2 Pipe
This Standard covers PEX pipes in metric nominal sizes DN 16 to DN 1000 or nominal pipe sizes NPS-3 to NPS-54 that are
pressure-rated using the hydrostatic design basis (HDB) rating method specified in ASTM D2837 or the minimum required strength (MRS) rating method specified in ISO 9080 and ISO 12162;
intended for operating temperatures between –50 and 110 °C; and
joined by PEX electrofusion fittings or by mechanical fittings, but not by butt fusion.
1.3 Joints
This Standard includes requirements for joints made between PEX pipe and PE electrofusion fittings compliant with ASTM F3373.
1.4 Pipe exclusions
This Standard does not cover pipes intended to be joined by butt fusion, socket fusion, or saddle fusion.
1.5 Fittings
Fittings to be used with PEX pipe manufactured to this Standard are in accordance with ASTM F2829. Fittings covered in this Standard include
plastic-to-metal transition fittings;
electrofusion fittings (e.g., couplings, elbows, tees, and end caps); and
mechanical couplings.
1.6 Requirements
This Standard specifies requirements for
primary properties of the PE compound;
physical properties of the finished PEX pipe;
on-line monitoring during production;
shipping and storage; and
markings.
Note: See CSA Z662 for design and installation limitations of products covered by this Standard.
1.1 General
This Standard covers polyamide (PA) pipe, tubing, and fittings for use in gas mains and services, including the gathering, transmission, and distribution of gases that can contain aromatic hydrocarbons.
1.2 Fittings and connections
This Standard covers all types of fittings and connections used in PA piping systems for gas services, including plastic-to-metal transition fittings, plastic component fittings (e.g., elbows, tees, end caps, and valves), and clamps and couplings.
Notes:
In this Standard, “pipe” refers to pipe having NPS outside diameters and “tubing“ refers to pipe having NTS outside diameters.
In this Standard, test requirements for pipe apply to both pipe and tubing.
1.3 Requirements
This Standard specifies the manufacturing and testing requirements necessary to ensure that the PA compound, pipe, and fittings are of a quality acceptable for use in gas distribution systems. This Standard specifies requirements for
a) primary properties of the compound;
b) physical properties of the finished product;
c) on-line monitoring during production;
d) shipping and storage; and
e) markings.
Note: The user of the pipe, tubing, or fittings should refer to CSA Z662 for design and installation limitations of products covered by this Standard.
1.1 Inclusions
1.1.1 General
This Standard specifies requirements for crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) tubing systems that comprise tubing with or without an optional oxygen barrier layer, and fittings.
Tubing covered by this Standard is made in SDR 9.
1.1.2 Pressure ratings
Tubing systems covered by this Standard are pressure rated at 23 °C, 82 °C, and 93 °C, and have a maximum pressure rating of 690 kPa at 82 °C (Table A.1 shows pressure ratings at each temperature).
1.1.3 Applications
Tubing systems covered by this Standard are intended for use in residential and commercial potable water distribution systems and other applications, including municipal water service lines, building supply lines, reclaimed water distribution, radiant panel heating and cooling systems, hydronic baseboard heating systems, snow and ice melting heating systems, building services piping, compressed air distribution, and ground source geothermal systems, provided that the PEX tubing systems comply with the applicable code requirements.
Note: The requirements and test methods specified in this Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. Users of this Standard are responsible for establishing appropriate safety and health practices and determining the applicability of regulatory limitations before using this Standard.
1.2 Requirements
This Standard specifies requirements for
materials;
quality of work;
tubing;
metal components of fittings;
fittings;
interior liners;
dimensions;
hydrostatic capability;
marking for tubing and fittings; and
marking for flexible pre-insulated tubing.
1.1 General
This Standard covers two types of polypropylene (PP) pipe and fittings – polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R) and polypropylene random copolymer with modified crystallinity and temperature resistance (PP-RCT) intended for use in pressure applications such as hot and cold potable water distribution systems, process piping, reclaimed/recycled water systems, water service, building supply lines, hydronic heating and cooling, and geothermal systems. Piping system components covered by this Standard are classified based on dimension ratio in sizes NPS-3/8 to NPS-28, and are joined using socket-type heat-fusion joints, saddle welding joints (fusion outlet), electrofusion joints, and butt fusion.
Piping covered by this Standard with minimum hydrostatic pressure ratings of 1105 kPa at 23 °C and 690 kPa at 82 °C are intended for use in plumbing applications. Pipes with different DRs can have higher or lower pressure ratings for other applications.
1.2 Requirements
This Standard specifies requirements for materials, dimensions, hydrostatic sustained pressure performance, longitudinal reversion, apparent tensile strength, oxidative resistance, and marking.
1.1 General
This Standard covers reduced pressure principle (RP) backflow prevention assemblies (herein referred to as the “assembly”) that are used in potable water supply systems to prevent cross-connections.
1.2 Sizes
This Standard applies to nominal assembly sizes of 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1 1/4, 1 1/2, 2, 2 1/2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 in (DN8, DN10, DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN65, DN80, DN100, DN150, D200, D250, D300, D350, and DN400).
1.3 Application
RP assemblies are intended for use in the isolation of high or severe hazards where contaminated water can flow back into a potable water distribution system.
1.4 Description
RP assemblies consist of two independently acting check valves, internally force loaded to a normally closed position and separated by an intermediate chamber (or zone) in which there is a hydraulically operated relief means for venting to the atmosphere, and internally force loaded to a normally open position. These assemblies are designed to operate under continuous pressure conditions. The assembly includes two properly located, tightly closing shut-off valves and properly located test cocks as per Clauses 4.4.4.5 and 4.4.4.4.1.
1.5 Terminology
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.6 Units of measurement
SI units are the units of record in Canada. In this Standard, inch/pound units are shown in parentheses.
The values stated in each measurement system are equivalent in application; however, each system is to be used independently. Combining values from the two measurement systems can result in non-conformance with this Standard.
All references to gallons are to U.S. gallons.
This document specifies concepts and principles to establish a methodology for specifying level of information need and information deliveries in a consistent way when using building information modelling (BIM).
This document specifies the characteristics of different levels used for defining the detail and extent of information required to be exchanged and delivered throughout the life cycle of built assets. It gives guidelines for principles required to specify information needs.
The concepts and principles in this document can be applied for a general information exchange and while in progress, for a generally agreed way of information exchange between parties in a collaborative work process, as well as for an appointment with specified information delivery.
This document is applicable to the whole life cycle of any built asset, including strategic planning, initial design, engineering, development, documentation and construction, day-to-day operation, maintenance, refurbishment, repair and end-of-life.
Le présent document spécifie les concepts et les principes permettant d’établir une méthodologie de spécification cohérente du niveau du besoin d’information et des livraisons d’information à l’aide de la modélisation des informations de la construction (BIM).
Le présent document spécifie les caractéristiques des différents niveaux utilisés pour définir le détail et l’étendue des informations qu’il est nécessaire d’échanger et de livrer tout au long du cycle de vie des actifs bâtis. Il donne des lignes directrices sur les principes requis pour spécifier les besoins d’information.
Les concepts et les principes énoncés dans le présent document peuvent s’appliquer à un échange général d’informations et, dans le même temps, à un mode communément accepté d’échange d’informations entre des parties dans le cadre d’un processus de travail collaboratif, ainsi qu’à une désignation accompagnée d’une livraison d’informations spécifiée.
Le présent document s’applique à la totalité du cycle de vie d’un actif bâti, y compris la planification stratégique, la conception initiale, l’ingénierie, le développement, la documentation et la construction, l’exploitation quotidienne, la maintenance, la réhabilitation, la réparation et la fin de vie.