0.1 Inclusions

This Standard specifies technical requirements for new buildings with the use of permanently installed volumetric modules, including

architectural considerations;

structural design, including design for transportation, storage, and installation;

building services;

environmental separation;

fire protection;

energy efficiency design considerations; and

manufacturing.

 

Note: The terms “volumetric modular” and “modular” are used interchangeably in this Standard.

0.2 Applicability

This Standard provides guidance for the construction of volumetric modular buildings other than those indicated in Clause 1.3 and supplements the building design and construction requirements in the codes applicable in the final installation location of the modular building.

0.3 Exclusions

This standard does not apply to one-storey manufactured homes covered by the CSA Z240 MH Series and relocatable buildings covered by UL 2600.

 

0.4 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1 Scope

1.1 Application

This Standard specifies requirements for the selection and installation of backflow preventers. Additional information on how backflow due to back siphonage and back pressure occurs, and how to select and apply specific devices, is included in Annexes A, B, and C.

1.2 Exclusions

1.2.1 Product exclusions

This Standard does not cover

construction requirements or performance tests, which are covered by the CSA B64 Series;

plumbing supply fittings, which are covered by ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1;

plumbing fittings, which are covered by CSA B125.3;

anti-siphon fill valves for water closet tanks, which are covered by ASSE 1002/ASME A112.1002/CSA B125.12;

manually operated valves for use in plumbing systems, which are covered by ASME A112.4.14/CSA B125.14; and

pressurized flushing devices for plumbing fixtures, which are covered by ASSE 1037/ASME A112.1037/CSA B125.37.

1.2.2 Other exclusions

This Standard does not specify requirements for maintenance or field testing after the initial installation. Such requirements are specified in CSA B64.10.1.

1.3 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.4 Units of measurement

This Standard is written in SI (metric) units. For conversion tables, see Annex D. Vacuum is expressed in pressure below ambient.

1.1 General

This Standard provides rules and requirements for the design, fabrication, and erection of a broad range of steel structures based on limit states design approach. The term “steel structures” refers to structural members and frames that consist primarily of structural steel components, including structural steel acting compositely with concrete, and detail parts, welds, bolts, or other fasteners required in fabrication and erection. This Standard also applies to structural steel components in structures framed in other materials. The clauses related to fabrication and erection serve to show that design is inextricably a part of the design-fabrication-erection sequence and cannot be considered in isolation. For matters concerning standard practice pertinent to the fabrication and erection of structural steel not covered in this Standard, see Annex A. For information on the use of quality management systems for the fabrication of steel structures, see Annex R.

1.2 Requirements

Other CSA standards cover the requirements for steel structures, such as bridges, antenna towers, offshore structures, and steel storage racks, whereas the requirements for cold-formed steel structural members are given in AISI S100.

1.3 Application

This Standard sets out minimum requirements and is expected to be used only by engineers competent in the design and construction of steel structures. It applies unconditionally to steel structures, except that supplementary rules or requirements might be necessary for

unusual types of construction;

mixed systems of construction;

steel structures that

have great height or spans;

are required to be movable or be readily dismantled;

are exposed to severe environmental conditions;

are exposed to severe loads such as those resulting from vehicle impact or explosion;

are required to satisfy aesthetic, architectural, or other requirements of a non-structural nature;

employ materials or products not listed in Clause 5; or

have other special features that could affect the design, fabrication, or erection;

tanks, stacks, other platework structures, poles, and piling; and

crane-supporting structures.

1.4 Other standards

The use of other standards for the design, fabrication, erection, and/or inspection of members or parts of steel structures is neither warranted nor acceptable except where specifically directed in this Standard. The design formulas provided in this Standard may be supplemented by a rational design based on theory, analysis, and engineering practice acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, provided that nominal margins (or factors) of safety are at least equal to those intended in the provisions of this Standard. The substitution of other standards or criteria for fabrication, erection, and/or inspection is expressly prohibited unless specifically directed in this Standard.

1.5 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.1      General

     There is a commentary available for this Clause.

This fenestration Standard/Specification applies to both operating and fixed, new construction and replacement windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights. This fenestration Standard/ Specification is material-neutral and establishes performance requirements for windows, doors, SSPs,

TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights including their components and materials. This Standard/ Specification concerns itself with the determination of Performance Grade (PG), Allowable Stress Design (ASD) design pressure (DP), and related performance ratings for windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights and is based on laboratory testing of products in standard fixtures. This Standard/Specification is not intended to test or address the use or installation of the product.

Performance requirements are used in this Standard/Specification when possible. Prescriptive requirements are used when necessary. When products successfully pass all applicable performance tests, a rating is determined and a test report may be issued.

The primary purpose of this Standard/Specification is to enable end-product performance evaluation as may be required for certain US and Canadian model building codes for windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights. Performance-based product comparison, durability assessment, and technical issues related to certification programs are secondary purposes of this Standard/Specification.

This Standard/Specification applies to testing and rating products. The tested rating applies to products of functionally identical construction, with both width and height less than or equal to the tested size.

Programs have been developed or are proposed for determining fenestration energy performance ratings and for fenestration product sustainability. These programs are outside the scope of this Standard/Specification.

Fenestration products excluded from the scope of this Standard/Specification include

a)     interior windows, interior accessory windows (IAWs), and interior doors;

b)     vehicular-access doors (garage doors) (see ANSI/DASMA 105, ANSI/DASMA 108, ANSI/DASMA 109, ANSI/DASMA 115, or other applicable DASMA Specifications);

c)      roof-mounted smoke and heat-relief vents (see FM 4430);

d)     sloped glazing (other than unit skylights or roof windows) (see AAMA TIR-A7SKY-3);

e)     curtain walls and storefronts (see AAMA CWM and AAMA SFM-1);

f)      commercial entrance systems (see AAMA SFM-1);

g)      sunrooms (see AAMA/NPEA/NSA 2100);

h)     revolving doors;

i)      commercial steel doors rated according to ANSI/SDI A250.8;

j)      skylights according to AAMA SKY-3; and

k)      motorized operators.

1.2      Terminology

In this Standard/Specification, “shall” is used to express a requirement, (i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard/Specification); “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “shall be permitted to be” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard/Specification; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and are considered requirements. Legends to equations and figures are considered requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application. The purpose of the commentary is to add background information, explanatory language, examples, or further clarification to topics addressed by the referenced clause.

The Preface, Clause 0, and commentary are non-mandatory.

 

1.3      Units of measurement

     There is a commentary available for this Clause.

The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

The values given in parentheses are in IP (inch-pound) units and are often inexact rounded values. Users of this Standard/Specification are to test only to the SI values or to exact conversions of the SI values.

The IP equivalents identified are for approximate reference only and do not in any way imply accuracy of the measurement or the equipment.

Precision and bias statements are provided in the applicable test methods referenced in this Standard/ Specification. Significant digits and rounding that are recorded below or above the requirements stated in this Standard/Specification do not imply a specific level of accuracy or repeatability of the measurement systems, test equipment or test methods.

1.4      Clause categories

For the convenience of the user, the clauses of this Standard/Specification have been identified with categories that generally describe the content of the clause, allowing users to quickly select those clauses that relate to a particular category. Following are descriptions of each category. Clauses that are not specifically identified relate to all categories.

1.1  General

This Standard provides requirements for the design and evaluation of building components of fibre‑reinforced polymers (FRP) in buildings and of building components reinforced with FRP materials. It is based on limit states design principles and is consistent with the National Building Code of Canada.

This Standard does not apply to the design of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC), except for FRC/FRP cladding as defined in Clause 7.2 and Clause 13.

Note: Procedures, test methods, and specifications are provided in Annexes A to M.

1.2  FRP components

Requirements for the determination of engineering properties and design of self-supporting FRP components are covered by this Standard.

1.3  FRP reinforced components

Requirements for the determination of engineering properties and design of FRP reinforced building components are covered by this Standard. The FRP reinforcing elements covered include bars, tendons, mats, grids, roving, sheets, and laminates.

1.4  Exposure to fire and temperature effects

This Standard requires the designer to consider the possible effects of exposure to fire or elevated temperatures on the performance of FRP components and FRP reinforced components.

1.5  Terminology

In CSA standards, "shall" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; "should" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and "may" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application.

CSA A440.6

1.1

This Standard sets forth characteristics of effective and durable installation methods, in both new and existing buildings, of fenestration products within the scope of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 that are intended for installation in buildings of all occupancies to which NBC Parts 3, 4, 5, and 6 of Division B apply.

1.2

In addition to fenestration products within the scope of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, this Standard also applies to the installation of

a) fenestration products installed as ribbons, strips, or punched windows that are fabricated with components typically used in curtain wall systems;

b) window walls; and

c) storefronts (where exposed to the exterior).

1.3

This Standard covers the installation process from pre-installation procedures through to post-installation and includes fenestration design features that allow improved performance of products installed in high exposure conditions. This Standard also outlines processes related to fenestration installation, such as shop drawing review, field testing, and mock-up testing, to improve the performance of the installed product. Therefore, the provisions of this Standard should be considered by responsible parties at the product design stage, at the building design stage, at the field installation stage, and at the post-installation stage.

1.4

This Standard provides minimum requirements for the installation of fenestration products in high exposure situations and where compliance is required to Part 5 of the NBC, or comparable requirements in applicable local codes. CSA A440S1 provides guidance on the determination of the design wind pressure and driving rain wind pressure exposure conditions that fenestration products are subjected to.

This Standard addresses issues that could compromise the performance of the fenestration product as established by testing to the requirements of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 or as otherwise required by Part 5 of the NBC.

1.5

Where installation methods are not specifically addressed in this Standard, or where there are differences between this Standard and installation instructions of the manufacturer of a fenestration product, a design professional should be consulted for a solution consistent with the intent of the minimum requirements and principles in this Standard and with the intent of Part 5 of the NBC or comparable section in applicable local codes.

1.6

This Standard describes laboratory testing procedures for combination window assemblies, including window walls.

1.7

The application of this Standard requires a working knowledge of applicable federal, provincial, and local (municipal) building codes and regulations specifically concerning, but not limited to, required means of egress, fire safety requirements, and requirements for safety glazing.

1.8

This Standard does not apply to

a) selection of fenestration products for a given application;

b) installation of

i) storm windows or storm doors;

ii) fire-rated fenestration;

iii) vehicular-access doors (garage doors);

iv) commercial entrance systems;

v) revolving doors;

vi) commercial steel utility doors (e.g., roof access doors or doors to electrical rooms);

vii) sloped glazing (other than unit skylights, roof windows, or tubular daylighting devices);

viii) curtain wall, except as noted in Clause 1.2 a);

ix) interior fenestration products;

x) sunrooms;

xi) bay and bow windows;

xii) balcony enclosures; and

xiii) glazed architectural structures as referred to in Part 5 of the NBC;

 

c) maintenance of installed fenestration products (see Annex G for guidance);

d) rebuilding of fenestration products; and

e) fabrication of fenestration products, whether such fabrication takes place in a factory or at the installation site (i.e., stick-built assemblies).

Notes:

1) For product performance selection information, see CSA A440S1.

2) For recommendations for product selection for high exposure locations, see Annex L.

1.9 

This Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It does not set out requirements relating to the safety of the person installing the units. It is the responsibility of the installer to obtain necessary health and safety training and to follow proper procedures for safe handling and application of installation materials and fenestration products.

Note: Installers should be aware of existing hazardous materials, such as asbestos or lead paint. They should request a copy of the hazardous material survey or designated substance survey for the building prior to commencing any work.

1.10

This Standard is not intended to replace professional advice. When information provided in this document is incorporated into buildings, it must be reviewed by knowledgeable building professionals and reflect the specific conditions and unique design parameters of each building. Use of this Standard does not relieve designers of their responsibility to comply with local building codes, standards, and by-laws with respect to the selection, interface design, and installation of fenestration products.

1.11

This Standard assumes that its users are familiar with the terminology, procedures, requirements of good building practice and the available installation information provided by fenestration product manufacturers.

1.12

This Standard does not address the qualifications and skills that a installers should possess. It assumes familiarity with the fundamentals of building construction in Canada as described in Division B, Part 5 of the NBC or equivalent local code and of installation techniques for fenestration products normally available in Canada. Although guidance is provided in the manner of installation of fenestration products, it is not a training manual.

1.13

Annex H provides information on climate change, its potential effects on fenestration in buildings and provides guidance for climate change resilient design for fenestration products and installation.

1.14

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.15

The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.

 

CSA A440.7

In addition to fenestration products within the scope of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, CSA A440.6 also applies to the installation of:

a)    fenestration products installed as ribbons, strips or punched windows that are fabricated with components typically used in glass and metal curtain wall systems;

b)   window-walls (as defined under “other fenestration assemblies” in Part 5 of the NBC); and

c)    storefronts (where exposed to the exterior).

The individual components of window wall, such as fixed units, vent operator units, sliding door units, and swing door units can be classified under, and must individually meet the specified requirements from  AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, and CSA A440S1, as these standards govern for these components.

As window wall is considered a ‘combination fenestration product,’ it is governed by A440.6, and under the terms of A440.6:20, 11.1.1, the connections between these components must also meet the requirements of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 and CSA A440S1. If two different performance level units are within the same fenestration product combination, the lower performance level achieved may be applied to the combination assembly, unless the overall combination is tested. 

Although there are performance class categories for the sub-assemblies of window wall, there are no such categories for the assemblage known as window wall. The performance class is not applicable to window wall because NAFS testing does not account for evaluation of inter-storey drift, dynamic water testing, and thermal movement considerations. Refer to clause 11.2 in A440.6 for further guidance:

-      rainscreen performance;

-      thermal control and condensation resistance; and

-      full-scale testing, both laboratory and field performance.

1. Scope

As the demand for building envelope performance becomes a greater focus within the Canadian building codes the increase in the in-situ testing of fenestration assemblies and installation during and after project construction has increased the scrutiny of the process from fenestration manufacturers and installers. The fenestration industry has struggled with the in-situ testing industry and the lack of regulation of it. This document provides guidance for the development of a Canadian standard for performing in-situ air and water penetration testing of fenestration assemblies installed in residential buildings under Part 9 or Part 3 of the National Building Code of Canada. 

Annex B provides some information on how climate change could impact fenestration product design and application. It is anticipated that fenestration designers will need to incorporate changes in climate loads resulting from climate change into fenestration product design and that adjustments will need to be made to installation detailing. Annex B provides some information on these topics for consideration by building design team, authorities having jurisdiction, and installers. As information on climate change evolves, so too will the requirements of this Standard.

1.1 General

This standard sets forth methods for in-situ testing entities that can be used to evaluate the installed performance of fenestration assemblies for air and water penetration resistance under controllable and reproducible conditions. This standard applies to new construction and replacement fenestration installation projects.

This standard considers:

a)    Available standards referenced in the NBC and/or relevant standards such as CSA/A440.4  Window, door, and skylight installation; and

b)   Responsibilities for related stakeholders participating during in-situ air and water penetration testing of fenestration assemblies; and

c)    Test methods that apply to installed fenestration including the rough opening as outlined in CSA A440.4-19.

 

Note: Test methods that apply to installed fenestration products excluding the rough opening as outlined in CSA A440.4-19 are referenced in the annex.

 

1.2 Interested parties

This standard is intended to provide consistent guidance to all interested parties such as:

a)    Architects

b)   Building envelope consultants

c)    Engineers

d)   Fenestration installers

e)    Fenestrations manufacturers/Suppliers

f)    Project Specifiers

g)    Project Contractors/General Contractors

h)   Testing providers

i)     Building owner

1.3 Exclusions

 

Fenestration products excluded from the scope of this Standard include.

a)    interior windows, interior accessory windows (IAWs), and interior doors;

b)   vehicular-access doors (garage doors) (see ANSI/DASMA 105, ANSI/DASMA 108, ANSI/DASMA 109, ANSI/DASMA 115, or other applicable DASMA Specifications);

c)    roof-mounted smoke and heat-relief vents (see FM 4430);

d)   sloped glazing (other than unit skylights or roof windows) (see AAMA TIR A7);

e)    curtain walls and storefronts (see AAMA MCWM-1);

f)    commercial entrance systems (see AAMA SFM-1);

g)    sunrooms (see AAMA/NPEA/NSA 2100);

h)   revolving doors; and

i)     commercial steel doors rated per ANSI/SDI A250.8

1.4 Climate Resiliency

Annex B provides information on climate change, its potential effects on fenestration in buildings and provides guidance for climate change resilient design for fenestration products and installation.

1.5 Terminology

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.[HE1] 

1.6 Units of measure

The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.[HE2] 

1 Scope

1.1

This test method determines the wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing assemblies when subjected to dynamic wind load cycles. The test methods are applicable to

a) mechanically attached membrane roofing systems (MARS);

b) adhesive applied roofing systems (AARS); and

c) partially attached (hybrid) membrane roofing systems (PARS).

The roofing assembly consists of a deck and roofing system. The roofing system include membrane and components such as vapour barriers or retarders, insulation, cover board, etc. It is subjected to a dynamic load sequence that has been developed based on wind pressure records, simulating the effects of wind on a membrane-roof assembly.

Note: The roof membrane may be designated as the plane of air tightness.

1.2

The following limitations apply for the test methods in this Standard:

a)  Testing in accordance with this test method is limited to the MARS having a fastener row separation not greater than 2896 mm (114 in) and fastener in-line spacing not greater than 610 mm (24 in).

b)  Testing in accordance with this test method is limited to the PARS and AARS when adhesive spacing is not greater than 610 mm (24 in).

1.3

The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.4

In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.