Construction and Engineering
Except as indicated in Clause 1.1.1, this Standard applies to all boilers, pressure vessels, pressure piping, and fittings, as provided for by the Act (as defined in Clause 1.3) and identified in this Standard.
Notes:
1) It is possible that the size limitations specified in provincial or territorial statutes or regulations will differ from those specified in this Standard. The applicable regulatory authority should be consulted.
2) The pressures specified in this Standard are gauge pressures above atmospheric pressure.
3) This Standard applies to all boilers, pressure vessels, pressure piping, and fittings installed subsequent to its adoption.
1.1
High-pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as fuels for automotive vehicles shall meet the requirements of CSA/ANSI NGV 2 - Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel Containers.
High-pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of hydrogen as fuels for automotive vehicles shall meet the requirements of CSA/ANSI HGV 2 - Compressed Hydrogen Gas Vehicle Fuel Containers.
Compressed natural gas and hydrogen refuelling station pressure piping systems and storage pressure vessels shall meet the requirements of this Standard.
1.2
Where a clause in this Standard is at variance with a code or standard referenced in this Standard, the requirements of this Standard govern.
1.3
In this Standard, shall is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; should is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and may is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their applicability.
1.4
Values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. Values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only. Nominal pipe sizes are expressed in non-dimensional terms.
1.5 Out of scope
This Standard does not apply to
a) pressure-retaining components in hydraulic elevators;
b) pressure-containment devices for gas-filled switchgear and controlgear; and
c) high-pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas and hydrogen as fuels for automotive vehicles;
d) pressure vessels for the transportation of dangerous goods regulated by Transport Canada, and
e) refrigeration equipment. The design, construction, installation, inspection, testing, and repair of refrigeration equipment shall meet the requirements of CSA B52.
1.6
Liquified petroleum gas service
Pressure vessels and piping for liquefied petroleum gases shall meet the requirements of the following:
a) for fuel tanks on highway vehicles:
i) Section VIII, Division 1, of the ASME Code;
ii) CSA B149.2 and CSA B149.5; and
iii) Annex G; or
b) for ground storage tanks:
i) Section VIII, Division 1, of the ASME Code; and
ii) CSA B149.2.
1.7
Natural gas liquid service
When flexible hoses are used with natural gas liquid storage tanks for loading and unloading product, an excess flow valve that is adequately sized for each tank opening used for product flow shall be installed.
1.8
Requalification of vessels in liquefied petroleum gas service
The requirements of CSA B149.5 shall apply to the reinspection, retesting, and requalification of vehicle fuel tanks.
Ground storage tanks shall be inspected and tested periodically, as required by the Act.
1.9
Exemptions in Canadian jurisdictions
A synopsis of some exemptions in Canadian jurisdictions is provided in Annex R.
This Section specifies requirements for the design of conventional movable highway bridges, i.e., bascule (including rolling lift), swing, and vertical lift bridges and deals primarily with the components involved in the operation of such bridges. The requirements for fixed span bridges, as given in other sections of the Code, shall apply to movable bridges, except as otherwise provided.
the design of new bridges as well as to rehabilitation and replacement work.
the design of new bridges as well as to rehabilitation and replacement work.
2.1.2 Design principles
The design of bridge structures shall satisfy the requirements of durability, resilience and sustainability, in addition to satisfying the ultimate and serviceability limit states.
The design for sustainability shall be based on life cycle engineering principles and comply with Clause 2.2.
The design service life of non-replaceable components shall be equal or longer than the design life of the structure, unless otherwise approved by the owner. The design for durability shall be based on Clause 2.5 and the relevant clauses of Sections 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16 and 17.
The design shall achieve resilience, reduce risk of function loss, and reduce recovery time, commensurate with the importance and use of the structure. Resilience may be achieved through redundancy, robustness, and/or structural indeterminacy.
This Section specifies minimum requirements for the design, selection, and detailing of joints and bearings.
This Section specifies minimum requirements for the rehabilitation of bridges but is not applicable to the resolution of construction deficiencies of new structures. The requirements specified in this Section relate only to condition assessment, loads, load factors, resistances, and other design criteria relevant to the rehabilitation of bridges, including This includes required remaining service life and assessment of ongoing deterioration and its impact on structural integrity. Material specifications, rehabilitation procedures, and maintenance procedures are not covered in this Section.
This Section specifies loads, load factors, and load combinations to be used in calculating load effects for design. Resistance factors required to check ultimate limit states criteria in accordance with Clause 3.4.2 are specified elsewhere in this Code. Loadings provisions for evaluation of existing structures are covered in Section 14 and for rehabilitation in Section 15.
This Section includes requirements related to the vibration of highway and pedestrian bridges. It also includes requirements related to construction loads and temporary structures; these apply to partially completed structures and structures necessary for construction purposes. Snow loads are not specified because in normal circumstances the occurrence of a considerable snow load will cause a compensating reduction in traffic load.
The requirements of this Section apply to the following components containing fibre reinforcement:
a) fully or partially prestressed concrete beams and slabs;
b) non-prestressed concrete beams, slabs, columns, and deck slabs;
c) externally and internally restrained deck slabs;
d) stressed wood decks;
e) barrier walls;
f) existing concrete elements with externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems and near-surface-mounted reinforcement (NSMR); and
g) existing timber elements with externally or internally bonded glass-fibre-reinforced polymer systems (GFRP) or basalt-fibre-reinforced-polymer systems (BFRP) and near-surface-mounted reinforcement (NSMR).
A non-mandatory Annex is also included on GFRP composite bridges (see Annex A16.3).
This Section specifies requirements for the analysis and design of buried structures of the following types:
a) soil-metal structures;
b) metal box structures; and
c) reinforced concrete structures.
This Section also specifies construction procedures, properties and dimensions of engineered fill components, and requirements for construction supervision.
This Section specifies methods of evaluating an existing bridge to determine whether it will carry a particular load or set of loads. The evaluation shall be based on the condition of the bridge at the time of evaluation.
1.1.1 Scope of Code
This Code applies to the design, evaluation, and structural rehabilitation design of fixed and movable highway bridges in Canada. There is no limit on span length, but this Code does not necessarily cover all aspects of design for every type of long-span bridge. This Code also covers the design of pedestrian bridges, bicycle bridges, buried structures, retaining walls, barriers, and highway accessory supports of a structural nature, e.g., lighting poles and sign support structures. This Code considers climate change.
This Code does not apply to public utility structures or to bridges used solely for railway or rail transit purposes.
This Code does not specify requirements related to coastal effects (e.g., exposure to sea action and icebergs) or to mountainous terrain effects (e.g., avalanches). For structures that can be subject to such effects, specialists need to be retained to review and advise on the design and to ensure that the applicable requirements of other codes are met.
For bridges not entirely within the scope of this Code, the requirements of this Code apply only when appropriate. Necessary additional or alternative design criteria are subject to the approval by the owner.
1.1.2 Scope of this Section
This Section specifies requirements for applying the Code and requirements of a general nature for bridges, culvertsburied structures, and related works. These requirements govern basic geometry and hydraulic design. General requirements are also specified for subsidiary components, deck drainage, maintenance, and inspection access. Broad guidelines related to economic, aesthetic, and environmental considerations are also provided.
This Section specifies requirements for the design of structural components that are made of precast or cast-in-place normal-density, low-density, or semi-low-density concrete and reinforced with prestressed or non-prestressed steel. The components covered by this Section can be prestressed with pretensioned steel, grouted post-tensioned steel, or both. The provisions in this Section do not apply to concrete placed using the shotcrete process.
This Section applies to structural wood components and their connections.
This Annex specifies requirements for the design of structural components that are made of precast or cast-in-place FRC with prestressed or non-prestressed steel. The components covered by this Section may be prestressed with pretensioned steel, grouted post-tensioned steel, or both.
The Annex covers the behaviour of tension softening FRC (TSFRC) and tension hardening FRC (THFRC). This Annex covers the use of steel fibres only, except in Clause A8.1.21, where the use of synthetic fibres is specifically indicated.
The requirements of Section 8 shall apply unless otherwise specified in this Annex.
This Section specifies requirements for the design of permanent bridge barriers and highway accessory supports. It is not applicable to the replacement or rehabilitation of existing structures.
This Section specifies requirements for the design of structural steel bridges and highway accessory support structures, including requirements for structural steel components, welds, bolts, and other fasteners required in fabrication and erection. Requirements related to the repeated application of loads and to fracture control and fracture toughness for primary tension and fracture-critical members are also specified. Construction requirements for structural steel are also provided.
This Section specifies minimum requirements for
a) the seismic analysis and design of new bridge structures; and
b) the seismic evaluation and rehabilitation (Clause 4.17) of existing bridge structures.
This Section specifies the methods of analysis for the design and evaluation of bridge superstructures.
This Section specifies requirements for the design, fabrication, and erection of aluminum highway and pedestrian bridges and. Where permitted in Section 12, the contents of this Section may also be applied to highway accessory structures
This Section specifies minimum requirements for the design of foundations and geotechnical systems (including highway embankments) under static loading conditions and for requirements pertaining to geotechnical investigations and design reports. This Section includes requirements for investigation to support seismic design, specifies minimum requirements to evaluate seismic resistance of foundations, and provides seismic performance requirements for geotechnical systems. This Section also includes requirements for investigation to support design of buried structures, although design of buried structures falls within the scope of Section 7. Where conflict occurs between requirements in references to other Standards or Codes and Section 6, the requirements of Section 6 shall take precedence.