Draft Details
- Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) — Production, Stor...
- CSA Z276:22
- Legal Notice for Draft Standards
- Preface
- 0 Introduction
- + 1 Scope
- 1.1 Application
- + 1.2 Other LNG applications
- 1.2.1
- 1.2.2
- 1.2.3
- 1.2.4
- 1.3 Exceptions
- 1.4 Pressure reference
- 1.5 Pipe size
- 1.6 Units
- 1.7 Terminology
- 2 Reference publications
- 3 Definitions
- + 4 General requirements
- 4.1 Technological advances and equivalency
- 4.2 Retroactivity
- + 4.3 Management systems
- 4.3.1 Safety management system
- 4.3.2 Risk management system
- + 4.4 Records
- 4.4.1
- 4.4.2
- + 4.5 Quality assurance
- 4.5.1
- 4.5.2
- 4.5.3
- 4.5.4
- 4.5.5
- 4.5.6
- + 4.6 Buildings and structures
- + 4.6.1 Construction
- 4.6.1.1
- 4.6.1.2
- + 4.6.2 Ventilation
- 4.6.2.1
- 4.6.2.2
- 4.6.2.3
- 4.6.2.4
- 4.6.3 Other buildings and enclosures
- + 4.7 General design considerations
- 4.7.1 Soil protection for cryogenic equipment
- 4.7.2 Falling ice and snow
- + 4.7.3 Concrete materials
- 4.7.3.1
- 4.7.3.2
- 4.7.3.3
- 4.7.3.4
- + 4.7.4 Underground LNG containers
- 4.7.4.1
- 4.7.4.2
- 4.7.5 Vehicle traffic
- + 4.7.6 Sources of electrical power
- 4.7.6.1
- 4.7.6.2
- + 4.8 Control centre
- 4.8.1
- 4.8.2
- 4.9 Odorization
- + 5 Plant site provisions
- + 5.1 General
- 5.1.1
- 5.1.2
- 5.1.3
- + 5.2 Major site provisions for spill and leak co...
- + 5.2.1 General
- 5.2.1.1
- 5.2.1.2
- 5.2.1.3
- 5.2.1.4
- 5.2.1.5
- + 5.2.2 Impounding system and drainage system des...
- 5.2.2.1
- 5.2.2.2
- 5.2.2.3
- 5.2.2.4
- 5.2.2.5
- 5.2.2.6
- 5.2.2.7
- 5.2.2.8
- 5.2.2.9
- + 5.3 Siting and separation requirements
- + 5.3.1 Impounding system siting
- 5.3.1.1 Impounding systems and container draina...
- 5.3.1.2 Navigable waterways
- + 5.3.2 Container spacing
- 5.3.2.1 Single containment tanks
- + 5.3.2.2 Double containment, full containment, a...
- 5.3.2.2.1
- 5.3.2.2.2
- 5.3.2.2.3
- 5.3.2.2.4
- 5.3.2.3 Underground LNG containers
- 5.3.2.4 Access to isolation valves
- 5.3.2.5 Containers in buildings
- + 5.3.3 Vaporizer spacing
- 5.3.3.1
- 5.3.3.2
- 5.3.3.3
- 5.3.3.4
- 5.3.3.5
- + 5.3.4 Process equipment spacing
- 5.3.4.1
- 5.3.4.2
- + 5.3.5 Loading and unloading facility spacing
- 5.3.5.1
- 5.3.5.2
- + 5.4 Siting distance calculations
- 5.4.1 General
- 5.4.2 Exception
- + 5.4.3 Design spills
- 5.4.3.1
- 5.4.3.2
- 5.4.3.3
- 5.4.3.4
- 5.4.3.5
- + 5.4.4 Radiant heat
- 5.4.4.1
- 5.4.4.2
- 5.4.4.3
- 5.4.4.4
- 5.4.4.5
- + 5.4.5 Dispersion
- 5.4.5.1
- 5.4.5.2
- 5.4.5.3
- + 6 Process equipment
- + 6.1 General
- 6.1.1
- 6.1.2
- 6.1.3
- 6.1.4
- 6.1.5
- 6.1.6
- 6.1.7
- 6.1.8
- 6.2 Flammable refrigerant and flammable liquid ...
- + 6.3 Process equipment
- 6.3.1 Siting
- 6.3.2 Boilers and pressure vessels
- 6.3.3 Shell and tube heat exchangers
- 6.3.4 Internal combustion engines and gas turbi...
- 6.3.5 Boil-off and flash gas handling
- 6.3.6 Internal vacuum
- + 6.3.7 Equipment depressurizing
- 6.3.7.1
- 6.3.7.2
- + 6.3.8 Cold boxes
- 6.3.8.1
- 6.3.8.2
- 6.3.9 Salt-bath heaters
- 6.3.10 Air injection
- 6.3.11 Relief devices
- 6.3.12 Process equipment supports
- + 7 Stationary LNG storage tank systems and press...
- + 7.1 General
- + 7.1.1 Storage tank systems
- 7.1.1.1
- 7.1.1.2
- 7.1.1.3
- 7.1.1.4
- 7.1.1.5
- 7.1.2 Pressurized containers
- 7.1.3 Inspection
- + 7.1.4 Basic design considerations
- 7.1.4.1
- 7.1.4.2
- 7.1.4.3
- 7.1.4.4
- 7.1.4.5
- 7.1.4.6
- 7.1.4.7
- 7.1.4.8
- + 7.1.5 Seismic design of land-based field-fabric...
- 7.1.5.1
- 7.1.5.2
- 7.1.5.3
- 7.1.5.4
- 7.1.5.5
- 7.1.5.6
- 7.1.5.7
- 7.1.5.8
- 7.1.5.9
- 7.1.6 Wind and snow loads, ice, and flooding
- + 7.1.7 Tank system insulation
- 7.1.7.1
- 7.1.7.2
- 7.1.7.3
- 7.1.7.4
- 7.1.8 Filling volume
- + 7.1.9 Foundations
- 7.1.9.1
- 7.1.9.2
- 7.1.9.3
- 7.1.9.4
- 7.1.9.5
- + 7.2 Metal containers
- + 7.2.1 Containers designed for operation at 103 ...
- 7.2.1.1
- 7.2.1.2
- + 7.2.2 Containers designed for operation at grea...
- 7.2.2.1
- 7.2.2.2
- 7.2.2.3
- 7.2.2.4
- 7.2.2.5
- 7.2.2.6
- 7.2.2.7
- 7.2.2.8
- + 7.3 Concrete containers
- 7.3.1 Scope
- 7.3.2 Container structure
- 7.3.3 Materials subject to LNG temperature
- 7.3.4 Coating for concrete
- 7.3.5 Annular space liquid control
- + 7.4 Marking of LNG containers
- 7.4.1
- 7.4.2
- 7.4.3
- + 7.5 Testing of LNG containers
- 7.5.1 Leak and hydrostatic testing
- 7.5.2 Reference standard
- 7.5.3 Tests
- 7.5.4 Vacuum leaks
- + 7.5.5 Retesting
- 7.5.5.1
- 7.5.5.2
- + 7.6 Relief devices
- 7.6.1 General
- + 7.6.2 Installation
- 7.6.2.1
- 7.6.2.2
- 7.6.2.3
- 7.6.2.4
- 7.6.2.5
- + 7.6.3 Relief device sizing
- 7.6.3.1 Pressure relief
- 7.6.3.2 Vacuum relief
- + 7.6.3.3 Fire exposure
- 7.6.3.3.1
- 7.6.3.3.2
- 7.7 Quality assurance personnel qualifications
- + 8 Vaporization facilities
- + 8.1 Classification of vaporizers
- 8.1.1
- 8.1.2
- + 8.2 Design and materials of construction
- 8.2.1
- 8.2.2
- + 8.3 Vaporizer piping and intermediate fluid pip...
- 8.3.1
- 8.3.2
- 8.3.3
- 8.3.4
- 8.3.5
- 8.3.6
- 8.3.7
- 8.3.8
- + 8.4 Relief devices on vaporizers
- 8.4.1 Relief-valve capacity
- 8.4.2 Relief-valve location
- 8.5 Combustion air supply
- 8.6 Products of combustion
- + 9 Piping systems and components
- + 9.1 General
- 9.1.1
- 9.1.2
- 9.1.3
- 9.1.4
- 9.1.5
- 9.1.6
- + 9.2 Construction materials
- + 9.2.1 General
- 9.2.1.1
- 9.2.1.2
- 9.2.1.3
- + 9.2.2 Piping
- 9.2.2.1
- 9.2.2.2
- 9.2.2.3
- 9.2.2.4
- + 9.2.3 Fittings
- 9.2.3.1
- 9.2.3.2
- 9.2.3.3
- 9.2.3.4
- 9.2.3.5
- + 9.2.4 Valves
- 9.2.4.1
- 9.2.4.2
- + 9.3 Installation
- 9.3.1 Bolted connections
- + 9.3.2 Piping joints
- 9.3.2.1
- 9.3.2.2
- 9.3.2.3
- 9.3.2.4
- + 9.3.3 Valves
- 9.3.3.1
- 9.3.3.2
- 9.3.3.3
- 9.3.3.4
- 9.3.3.5
- 9.3.3.6
- + 9.3.4 Welding
- 9.3.4.1
- 9.3.4.2
- 9.3.4.3
- 9.3.4.4
- 9.3.5 Pipe marking
- + 9.4 Pipe supports
- 9.4.1
- 9.4.2
- 9.5 Piping identification
- + 9.6 Inspection and testing of piping
- 9.6.1 Pressure tests
- 9.6.2 Records of test conditions
- + 9.6.3 Welded pipe tests
- 9.6.3.1
- 9.6.3.2
- 9.6.3.3
- 9.6.3.4
- + 9.6.4 Welding examination
- 9.6.4.1 Non-destructive examination
- 9.6.4.2 Visual inspection
- 9.6.5 Test records
- 9.6.6 Records and verifications
- 9.7 Purging of piping systems
- + 9.8 Safety and relief valves
- 9.8.1 Pressure relieving safety devices
- + 9.8.2 Thermal expansion protection
- 9.8.2.1
- 9.8.2.2
- 9.8.2.3
- + 9.9 Corrosion control
- 9.9.1 Underground and submerged piping
- 9.9.2 Austenitic stainless steels and aluminum ...
- + 9.10 Cryogenic pipe-in-pipe installations
- 9.10.1 General
- + 9.10.2 Inner pipe
- 9.10.2.1
- 9.10.2.2
- + 9.10.3 Outer pipe
- 9.10.3.1
- 9.10.3.2
- + 9.10.4 Vacuum jacket function
- 9.10.4.1
- 9.10.4.2
- + 9.10.5 Annular space
- 9.10.5.1
- 9.10.5.2
- 9.10.5.3
- + 9.10.6 Operational requirements
- 9.10.6.1
- 9.10.6.2
- 9.10.7 Connections
- + 9.10.8 Expansion and contraction joints
- 9.10.8.1
- 9.10.8.2
- + 9.10.9 Corrosion protection
- 9.10.9.1
- 9.10.9.2
- + 9.10.10 Pipe-in-pipe integrity
- 9.10.10.1
- 9.10.10.2
- + 10 Instrumentation and electrical services
- + 10.1 General
- 10.1.1
- 10.1.2
- + 10.2 Liquid-level gauging
- + 10.2.1 LNG containers
- 10.2.1.1
- 10.2.1.2
- 10.2.1.3
- 10.2.1.4
- + 10.2.2 Tanks for refrigerants or flammable proc...
- 10.2.2.1
- 10.2.2.2
- 10.3 Pressure gauge — LNG containers
- 10.4 Vacuum gauge
- + 10.5 Temperature indicators
- 10.5.1 Field-erected containers
- 10.5.2 Vaporizers
- 10.5.3 Liquefaction systems
- 10.5.4 Heated foundations of cryogenic containe...
- + 10.6 Emergency shutdown
- 10.6.1 General
- 10.6.2 Instruments and systems
- 10.6.3 Safe state
- 10.6.4 Instrument failure
- + 10.7 Electrical equipment
- 10.7.1 General
- + 10.7.2 Classified areas
- 10.7.2.1
- 10.7.2.2
- + 10.7.3 Seals
- 10.7.3.1
- 10.7.3.2
- 10.7.3.3
- 10.7.3.4
- 10.7.3.5
- 10.7.3.6
- 10.7.4 Monitoring
- 10.7.5 Venting
- + 10.8 Electrical grounding and bonding
- 10.8.1 General
- 10.8.2 Static protection
- 10.8.3 Stray or impressed currents
- 10.8.4 Lightning protection
- + 10.9 Marking
- 10.9.1 Cables and wires
- 10.9.2 Instruments, valves, and equipment
- 10.9.3 Electrical panels
- + 10.10 Compliance documentation
- 10.10.1 General
- 10.10.2 Shop-fabricated assemblies
- + 10.11 Inspection and testing
- 10.11.1 Site-installed electrical equipment and...
- 10.11.2 Equipment grounding and bonding
- + 11 Transfer of LNG and refrigerants
- + 11.1 General
- 11.1.1
- 11.1.2
- 11.1.3
- + 11.2 Piping system
- 11.2.1
- 11.2.2
- 11.2.3
- + 11.3 Pump and compressor control
- 11.3.1
- 11.3.2
- + 11.4 Marine shipping and receiving
- 11.4.1 General
- 11.4.2 Dock structures
- + 11.4.3 Protection of loading and unloading pipi...
- 11.4.3.1
- 11.4.3.2
- 11.4.3.3
- 11.4.3.4
- 11.4.3.5
- 11.4.4 Isolation valving and bleed connections
- 11.4.5 Isolation valve on shore
- 11.4.6 Check valve
- 11.4.7 Vapour return line
- 11.4.8 Emergency shutdown (ESD) system
- + 11.5 Highway tank loading and unloading facilit...
- 11.5.1
- 11.5.2
- 11.5.3
- 11.5.4
- 11.5.5
- 11.5.6
- 11.5.7
- 11.5.8
- + 11.6 Connection to pipeline systems
- 11.6.1
- 11.6.2
- + 11.7 Hoses and arms
- 11.7.1
- 11.7.2
- 11.7.3
- 11.7.4
- 11.7.5
- 11.7.6
- 11.7.7
- + 12 Fire protection, safety, and security
- + 12.1 General
- 12.1.1 Application
- 12.1.2 Evaluation
- 12.1.3 Potential hazards
- 12.1.4 Detailed provisions
- + 12.2 Emergency shutdown systems
- 12.2.1
- 12.2.2
- 12.2.3
- 12.2.4
- 12.2.5
- + 12.3 Fire and leak control
- 12.3.1
- 12.3.2
- 12.3.3
- 12.3.4
- + 12.4 Fire-protection water systems
- 12.4.1
- 12.4.2
- 12.4.3
- + 12.5 Fire-extinguishing and other fire-control ...
- 12.5.1
- 12.5.2
- 12.5.3
- 12.6 Maintenance of fire-protection equipment
- + 12.7 Security
- 12.7.1
- 12.7.2
- 12.7.3
- 12.7.4
- 12.7.5
- 12.7.6
- 12.7.7
- + 12.8 Personnel safety
- 12.8.1
- 12.8.2
- 12.8.3
- 12.8.4
- + 12.9 Other operations
- 12.9.1
- 12.9.2
- + 12.10 Communications and lighting
- + 12.10.1 Communications
- 12.10.1.1
- 12.10.1.2
- 12.10.1.3
- 12.10.1.4
- 12.10.1.5
- + 12.10.2 Lighting
- 12.10.2.1
- 12.10.2.2
- 12.10.2.3
- 12.10.2.4
- 12.10.2.5
- + 13 Operation, maintenance, and personnel traini...
- 13.1 General
- 13.2 Basic requirements
- + 13.3 Documentation of operating procedures
- 13.3.1 Manual of operating procedures
- 13.3.2 Manual contents
- + 13.3.3 Emergency procedures
- 13.3.3.1
- 13.3.3.2
- 13.3.3.3
- + 13.3.4 Ignition source control
- 13.3.4.1
- 13.3.4.2
- 13.3.4.3
- 13.3.4.4
- + 13.3.5 Operation monitoring
- 13.3.5.1 General
- + 13.3.5.2 LNG tank monitoring
- 13.3.5.2.1
- 13.3.5.2.2
- 13.3.5.2.3
- + 13.3.6 Cool-down procedure
- 13.3.6.1
- 13.3.6.2
- + 13.3.7 Purging
- 13.3.7.1 General
- 13.3.7.2 Pressure
- 13.3.7.3 Depressurizing
- 13.3.7.4 Temperature
- 13.3.7.5 Container purging procedures
- + 13.3.8 Transportation of LNG
- 13.3.8.1
- 13.3.8.2
- 13.3.8.3
- 13.3.8.4
- + 13.3.9 LNG transfer
- 13.3.9.1
- 13.3.9.2
- + 13.3.10 Marine shipping and receiving
- + 13.3.10.1 Contingency plan
- 13.3.10.1.1
- 13.3.10.1.2
- 13.3.10.2 Mooring plan
- 13.3.10.3 Manner of mooring
- 13.3.10.4 Sources of ignition
- 13.3.10.5 Smoking prohibition
- 13.3.10.6 Handling and bunkering
- 13.3.10.7 Vehicular traffic
- + 13.3.10.8 Transfer operations
- 13.3.10.8.1
- 13.3.10.8.2
- 13.3.10.8.3
- 13.3.10.8.4
- + 13.3.10.9 Transfer plan verification
- 13.3.10.9.1
- 13.3.10.9.2
- 13.3.10.10 Declaration of inspection
- 13.3.10.11 Transfer of ships’ stores
- + 13.3.10.12 Bunkering operations
- 13.3.10.12.1
- 13.3.10.12.2
- 13.3.10.13 Hoses
- + 13.3.10.14 Flanges
- 13.3.10.14.1
- 13.3.10.14.2
- 13.3.10.15 Purging
- 13.3.10.16 Pressure
- + 13.3.11 Highway tank and tank car loading and u...
- 13.3.11.1 General
- 13.3.11.2 Loading or unloading operations
- 13.3.11.3 Tank car or highway tank
- 13.3.11.4 Communications
- + 13.4 Maintenance
- + 13.4.1 General
- 13.4.1.1
- 13.4.1.2
- 13.4.1.3
- 13.4.1.4
- 13.4.1.5
- 13.4.1.6
- 13.4.1.7
- 13.4.1.8
- 13.4.1.9
- 13.4.1.10
- 13.4.1.11
- + 13.4.2 Maintenance manual
- 13.4.2.1
- 13.4.2.2
- 13.4.2.3
- + 13.4.3 Site housekeeping
- 13.4.3.1
- 13.4.3.2
- 13.4.3.3
- 13.4.3.4
- 13.4.4 Repairs
- + 13.4.5 Control systems, inspection, and testing...
- 13.4.5.1
- 13.4.5.2
- + 13.4.6 Corrosion control
- 13.4.6.1
- 13.4.6.2
- 13.4.6.3
- 13.4.6.4
- 13.4.6.5
- + 13.4.7 Records
- 13.4.7.1
- 13.4.7.2
- + 13.5 Training
- 13.5.1
- 13.5.2
- 13.5.3
- 13.5.4
- 13.5.5
- 13.5.6
- 13.5.7
- 13.5.8
- 13.5.9
- + 13.6 Operational security requirements
- 13.6.1
- 13.6.2
- 13.6.3
- + 14 Risk assessment for LNG plants
- 14.1 Concept
- + 14.2 Plant risk assessment
- 14.2.1 General
- 14.2.2 Steps
- 14.2.3 Design implementation
- 14.2.4 Risk assessment studies
- + 14.3 LNG plant siting using QRA
- 14.3.1 General
- + 14.3.2 Purpose
- 14.3.2.1
- 14.3.2.2
- 14.3.2.3
- + 14.3.3 QRA methodology
- 14.3.3.1 General
- + 14.3.3.2 Hazard identification
- 14.3.3.2.1
- 14.3.3.2.2
- 14.3.3.2.3
- 14.3.3.2.4
- + 14.3.3.3 Release events
- 14.3.3.3.1
- 14.3.3.3.2
- + 14.3.3.4 Consequence analysis
- 14.3.3.4.1
- 14.3.3.4.2
- 14.3.3.4.3
- 14.3.3.4.4
- 14.3.3.4.5
- 14.3.3.4.6
- 14.3.3.4.7
- 14.3.3.4.8
- + 14.3.3.5 Frequency assessment
- 14.3.3.5.1
- 14.3.3.5.2
- 14.3.3.5.3
- 14.3.3.5.4
- + 14.3.4 Risk assessment
- 14.3.4.1
- 14.3.4.2
- 14.3.4.3
- 14.3.4.4
- 14.3.4.5
- 14.3.4.6
- 14.3.4.7
- Table 1
- Table 2
- Table 3
- Table 4
- Table 5
- Table 6
- Table 7
- Figure 1
- Figure 2
- Figure 3
- Figure 4
- Figure 5
- Figure 6
- Figure 7
- Figure 8
- Figure 9
- + Annex A (informative)
- Seismic design of LNG plants
- + A.0 Introduction
- A.0 A Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PS...
- A.1 Operating basis earthquake (OBE)
- + A.2 Safe shutdown earthquake (SSE)
- A.2.1
- A.2.2
- A.2.3
- A.2.4
- A.2.5
- A.2.6
- A.2.7
- A.3 Aftershock-level earthquake (ALE)
- + A.4 Other seismic loads
- A.4.1
- A.4.2
- + Annex B (normative)
- Essential requirements and minimum standards f...
- B.0 Introduction
- + B.1 Scope
- B.1.1
- B.1.2
- B.1.3
- B.1.4
- B.1.5
- B.1.6
- B.1.7
- B.1.8
- B.2 Reference publications
- B.3 Definitions
- + B.4 General requirements
- B.4.1 Future developments
- B.4.2 Retroactivity
- B.4.3 Safety management system
- + B.4.4 Records
- B.4.4.1
- B.4.4.2
- + B.4.5 Quality assurance and competence
- B.4.5.1
- B.4.5.2
- B.4.5.3
- B.4.5.4
- + B.4.6 Buildings and structures
- + B.4.6.1 Construction
- B.4.6.1.1
- B.4.6.1.2
- B.4.6.1.3
- + B.4.6.2 Ventilation
- B.4.6.2.1
- B.4.6.2.2
- B.4.6.2.3
- B.4.6.2.4
- B.4.6.3 Other buildings and enclosures
- B.4.7 Soil protection for cryogenic equipment
- B.4.8 Personnel protection in winter conditions...
- + B.4.9 Concrete
- B.4.9.1
- B.4.9.2
- B.4.9.3
- B.4.10 Odorization
- + B.5 Plant site provisions
- + B.5.1 General
- B.5.1.1
- B.5.1.2
- B.5.1.3
- B.5.1.4
- B.5.1.4.1
- B.5.1.4.2
- B.5.1.5
- B.5.1.6
- B.5.1.7
- B.5.1.8
- + B.5.2 Site provision for spill and leak control...
- + B.5.2.1 General
- B.5.2.1.1
- B.5.2.1.2
- B.5.2.1.3
- B.5.2.1.4
- B.5.2.1.5
- + B.5.2.2 Impounding and drainage systems design
- B.5.2.2.1 Impounding system
- B.5.2.2.1.1
- B.5.2.2.1.2
- B.5.2.2.1.3
- B.5.2.2.2 Reduction in holding capacity
- B.5.2.2.3 Impounding systems serving only vapor...
- B.5.2.2.4 Pool surface area
- B.5.2.2.5 Combined impounding system
- B.5.2.2.6 Enclosed drainage channels
- B.5.2.2.7 Impounding system design requirements...
- B.5.2.2.8 Rain removal
- B.5.2.2.9 Snow removal
- B.5.2.2.10 Insulation requirements
- B.5.2.2.11 Leak sources
- + B.5.2.3 Prescriptive storage container, impound...
- B.5.2.3.1
- B.5.2.3.2
- B.5.2.3.3
- B.5.2.3.4
- B.5.2.3.5
- B.5.2.3.6
- B.5.2.3.7
- + B.5.2.4 Deterministic impounding systems siting...
- B.5.2.4.1 Siting
- + B.5.2.4.2 Radiant heat
- B.5.2.4.2.1
- B.5.2.4.2.2
- B.5.2.4.2.3
- B.5.2.4.2.4
- B.5.2.4.3 Dispersion
- B.5.2.4.4 Minimum spacing
- + B.5.2.5 Vaporizer spacing
- B.5.2.5.1
- B.5.2.5.2
- B.5.2.5.3
- + B.5.2.6 Process equipment spacing
- B.5.2.6.1
- B.5.2.6.2
- B.5.2.6.3
- B.5.2.7 Loading and unloading facility spacing
- B.5.2.8 Active flare or vent stack siting
- + B.5.2.9 Mobile and portable equipment siting
- B.5.2.9.1 General
- + B.5.2.9.2 LNG mobile containers used as LNG sto...
- B.5.2.9.2.1
- B.5.2.9.2.2
- B.5.2.9.2.3
- B.5.2.9.2.4
- B.5.2.9.2.5
- B.5.2.9.2.6
- B.5.2.9.2.7
- B.5.2.9.3 Installation for temporary use applic...
- + B.6 Process equipment
- + B.6.1 General
- B.6.1.1
- B.6.1.2
- B.6.1.3
- + B.6.2 Basic design considerations
- B.6.2.1 Compatibility
- B.6.2.2 Exposure
- B.6.2.3 Internal vacuum
- + B.6.2.4 Equipment depressurizing
- B.6.2.4.1
- B.6.2.4.2
- + B.6.3 Design
- + B.6.3.1 Boilers, pressure vessels, and pressuri...
- B.6.3.1.1
- B.6.3.1.2
- B.6.3.1.3
- B.6.3.2 Shell and tube heat exchangers
- + B.6.3.3 Pumps and compressors
- B.6.3.3.1
- B.6.3.3.2
- B.6.3.3.3
- B.6.3.3.4
- B.6.3.3.5
- B.6.3.4 Internal combustion engines and gas tur...
- B.6.3.5 Boil-off and flash gas handling
- + B.6.3.6 Cold boxes
- B.6.3.6.1
- B.6.3.6.2
- B.6.3.7 Salt-bath heaters
- + B.6.3.8 Mobile and portable LNG equipment
- B.6.3.8.1
- B.6.3.8.2
- + B.6.3.9 Welding and brazing
- B.6.3.9.1
- B.6.3.9.2
- B.6.3.9.3
- B.6.3.9.4
- B.6.3.10 Process equipment supports
- + B.6.4 Relief devices
- B.6.4.1
- B.6.4.2
- + B.6.5 Marking
- B.6.5.1
- B.6.5.2
- B.6.6 Testing and inspection
- B.6.7 Verification of code compliance
- B.6.8 Installation and inspection
- + B.7 LNG storage containers
- B.7.1 General
- + B.7.2 Basic design considerations
- B.7.2.1
- B.7.2.2
- B.7.2.3
- B.7.2.4
- B.7.2.5
- B.7.2.6 Piping connections
- B.7.2.6.1 Pipe penetrations
- B.7.2.6.2 Fail-safe valves on pipe connections
- B.7.2.6.3 Connections above liquid level
- B.7.2.6.4 Exemptions to B.7.2.6.2
- B.7.2.6.5 Design and installation of fail safe ...
- B.7.2.6.6 Welding requirements for fail safe va...
- B.7.2.7 Requirements for tanks prior to shipmen...
- + B.7.3 Design
- + B.7.3.1 Inner container
- B.7.3.1.1
- B.7.3.1.2
- B.7.3.2 Outer container
- + B.7.3.3 Piping
- B.7.3.3.1
- B.7.3.3.2
- B.7.3.3.3
- B.7.3.3.4
- B.7.3.3.5
- B.7.3.3.6
- + B.7.3.4 Insulation
- B.7.3.4.1
- B.7.3.4.2
- B.7.3.4.3
- + B.7.3.5 Supports and foundations
- B.7.3.5.1
- B.7.3.5.2
- B.7.3.5.3
- B.7.3.5.4
- B.7.3.5.5
- B.7.3.5.6
- B.7.3.5.7
- B.7.3.5.8
- + B.7.3.6 Design loads
- B.7.3.6.1 General
- B.7.3.6.2 Wind and snow loads
- B.7.3.6.3 Seismic loads
- + B.7.4 Relief devices
- B.7.4.1 General
- + B.7.4.2 Installation
- B.7.4.2.1
- B.7.4.2.2
- B.7.4.2.3
- B.7.4.2.4
- B.7.4.2.5
- B.7.4.2.6
- + B.7.4.3 Relief device sizing
- B.7.4.3.1 Pressure relief inner container
- B.7.4.3.2 Relief device outer container
- + B.7.4.3.3 Vacuum relief inner container
- B.7.4.3.3.1
- B.7.4.3.3.2
- + B.7.5 Marking
- B.7.5.1
- B.7.5.2
- B.7.6 Inspection
- + B.7.7 Testing
- B.7.7.1
- B.7.7.2
- B.7.7.3
- B.7.7.4
- B.7.7.5
- + B.7.8 Compliance documentation
- B.7.8.1
- B.7.8.2
- B.7.8.3
- + B.7.9 Installation, inspection, and testing
- B.7.9.1
- B.7.9.2
- B.7.9.3
- B.7.9.4
- B.7.9.5
- + B.7.10 Mobile and portable LNG containers
- B.7.10.1
- B.7.10.2
- B.7.10.3
- B.8 Vaporization systems
- + B.8.1 General
- B.8.1.1
- B.8.1.2
- B.8.1.3
- B.8.1.4
- + B.8.2 Basic design consideration
- B.8.2.1
- B.8.2.2
- B.8.2.3
- B.8.2.4
- B.8.2.5
- + B.8.3 Design
- B.8.3.1
- B.8.3.2
- B.8.3.3
- B.8.3.4
- B.8.3.5
- B.8.3.6
- B.8.3.7
- B.8.3.8
- + B.8.4 Relief devices
- B.8.4.1 General
- B.8.4.2 Relief-valve capacity
- B.8.5 Verification of code compliance
- + B.8.6 Installation, inspection, and testing
- B.8.6.1
- B.8.6.2
- B.8.6.3
- B.9 Piping systems and components
- + B.9.1 General
- B.9.1.1
- B.9.1.2
- + B.9.2 Basic design considerations
- B.9.2.1 General
- B.9.2.2 Seismic design
- B.9.2.3 Connections
- + B.9.2.4 Valves
- B.9.2.4.1
- B.9.2.4.2
- B.9.2.4.3
- B.9.2.4.4
- B.9.2.4.5
- + B.9.2.5 Piping protection
- B.9.2.5.1
- B.9.2.5.2
- B.9.2.5.3
- + B.9.3 Design
- + B.9.3.1 General
- B.9.3.1.1
- B.9.3.1.2
- B.9.3.1.3
- B.9.3.1.4
- + B.9.3.2 Piping
- B.9.3.2.1
- B.9.3.2.2
- + B.9.3.3 Fittings
- B.9.3.3.1
- B.9.3.3.2
- B.9.3.3.3
- B.9.3.3.4
- + B.9.3.4 Pipe joints
- B.9.3.4.1
- B.9.3.4.2
- B.9.3.4.3
- B.9.3.4.4
- + B.9.3.5 Pipe supports
- B.9.3.5.1
- B.9.3.5.2
- + B.9.3.6 Cryogenic pipe-in-pipe installations
- B.9.3.6.1
- B.9.3.6.2
- B.9.3.6.3
- B.9.3.6.4
- B.9.3.6.5
- B.9.3.6.6
- B.9.3.6.7
- B.9.3.6.8
- B.9.3.6.9
- B.9.3.6.10
- B.9.3.6.11
- B.9.3.6.12
- + B.9.3.7 Flexible hoses
- B.9.3.7.1 General
- B.9.3.7.2 Use of hoses for equipment and piping...
- B.9.3.7.3 Use of hoses for mobile LNG container...
- B.9.3.7.4 Use of hoses for unloading/loading
- B.9.3.7.5 Storage
- + B.9.4 Relief devices
- B.9.4.1
- B.9.4.2
- B.9.4.3
- B.9.4.4
- + B.9.5 Marking
- B.9.5.1
- B.9.5.2
- B.9.5.3
- + B.9.6 Inspection, examination, and testing
- B.9.6.1
- B.9.6.2
- B.9.6.3
- B.9.6.4
- + B.9.7 Qualification
- B.9.7.1
- B.9.7.2
- B.9.7.3
- B.9.7.4
- B.9.7.5
- + B.9.8 Installation, inspection, and testing
- B.9.8.1
- B.9.8.2
- B.9.8.3
- B.9.8.4
- B.9.8.5
- B.10 Instrumentation and electrical services
- + B.10.1 General
- B.10.1.1
- B.10.1.2
- + B.10.2 Basic design consideration
- B.10.2.1
- B.10.2.2
- B.10.2.3
- B.10.2.4
- + B.10.3 Design
- + B.10.3.1 Liquid-level gauging — LNG containers
- B.10.3.1.1
- B.10.3.1.2
- B.10.3.1.3
- B.10.3.1.4
- + B.10.3.2 Liquid-level gauging — Tanks for refri...
- B.10.3.2.1
- B.10.3.2.2
- B.10.3.3 Pressure gauge — LNG containers
- B.10.3.4 Vacuum gauge
- + B.10.3.5 Temperature indicators
- B.10.3.5.1 Vaporizers
- B.10.3.5.2 Liquefaction systems
- + B.10.3.6 Emergency shutdown
- B.10.3.6.1
- B.10.3.6.2
- B.10.3.6.3
- B.10.3.6.4
- B.10.3.7 Electrical equipment
- B.10.3.8 Classified areas
- + B.10.3.9 Electrical seals
- B.10.3.9.1
- B.10.3.9.2
- B.10.3.9.3
- B.10.3.9.4
- B.10.3.9.5
- B.10.3.9.6
- B.10.3.9.7
- B.10.3.9.8
- + B.10.3.10 Electrical grounding and bonding
- B.10.3.10.1 General
- B.10.3.10.2 Bonding
- B.10.3.10.3 Stray or impressed currents
- B.10.3.10.4 Lightning protection
- + B.10.4 Marking
- B.10.4.1
- B.10.4.2
- B.10.4.3
- + B.10.5 Compliance documentation
- B.10.5.1
- B.10.5.2
- + B.10.6 Inspection and testing
- B.10.6.1
- B.10.6.2
- B.11 Transfer of LNG and refrigerants
- + B.11.1 General
- B.11.1.1
- B.11.1.2
- B.11.1.3
- B.11.1.4
- + B.11.2 Basic design considerations
- B.11.2.1
- B.11.2.2
- B.11.2.3
- B.11.2.4
- B.11.2.5
- B.11.2.6
- + B.11.3 Design
- + B.11.3.1 Equipment used for loading or unloadin...
- B.11.3.1.1
- B.11.3.1.2
- + B.11.3.2 Highway tank or tank car loading and u...
- B.11.3.2.1
- B.11.3.2.2
- + B.11.3.3 Connection to pipeline systems
- B.11.3.3.1
- B.11.3.3.2
- B.11.3.3.3
- + B.11.3.4 Hoses and arms
- B.11.3.4.1
- B.11.3.4.2
- B.11.3.4.3
- B.11.3.4.4
- B.11.4 Relief devices
- + B.12 Fire protection, safety, and security
- + B.12.1 General
- B.12.1.1 Application
- B.12.1.2 Evaluation
- B.12.1.3 Potential hazards
- B.12.1.4 Detailed provisions
- B.12.1.5 Sources of electrical power
- B.12.1.5.1
- B.12.1.5.2
- + B.12.2 Emergency shutdown systems
- B.12.2.1
- B.12.2.2
- B.12.2.3
- B.12.2.4
- + B.12.3 Fire and leak control
- B.12.3.1
- B.12.3.2
- B.12.3.3
- B.12.3.4
- B.12.3.5
- + B.12.4 Fire-protection water systems
- B.12.4.1
- B.12.4.2
- B.12.4.3
- + B.12.5 Fire-extinguishing and other fire-contro...
- B.12.5.1
- B.12.5.2
- B.12.5.3
- B.12.6 Maintenance of fire-protection equipment...
- + B.12.7 Security
- B.12.7.1
- B.12.7.2
- B.12.7.3
- B.12.7.4
- B.12.7.5
- B.12.7.6
- B.12.7.7
- + B.12.8 Personnel safety
- B.12.8.1
- B.12.8.2
- B.12.8.3
- B.12.8.4
- + B.12.9 Other operations
- B.12.9.1
- B.12.9.2
- + B.12.10 Communications and lighting
- B.12.10.1 Communications
- B.12.10.1.1
- B.12.10.1.2
- B.12.10.1.3
- B.12.10.2 Lighting
- B.12.10.2.1
- B.12.10.2.2
- B.12.10.2.3
- B.12.10.2.4
- + B.13 Operations, maintenance, and personnel tra...
- B.13.1 General
- B.13.2 Basic requirements
- + B.13.3 Documentation of operating procedures
- B.13.3.1 Manual of operating procedures
- B.13.3.2 Manual contents
- B.13.3.3 Manual and operating procedures for ve...
- + B.13.4 Emergency response planning
- B.13.4.1
- B.13.4.2
- B.13.4.3
- + B.13.5 Ignition source control
- B.13.5.1
- B.13.5.2
- B.13.5.3
- B.13.5.4
- + B.13.6 Operation monitoring
- B.13.6.1 Liquefaction and vaporization faciliti...
- B.13.6.2 LNG storage depots
- B.13.6.3 Seismic events
- B.13.6.4 Temporary facility shutdown
- B.13.6.5 Cool-down procedure
- B.13.6.5.1
- B.13.6.5.2
- B.13.6.6 Depressurization and purging
- B.13.6.6.1 General
- B.13.6.6.2 Temperature
- B.13.6.6.3 Pressure
- B.13.6.6.4 Depressurizing
- B.13.6.6.5 Container purging procedures
- B.13.6.7 Transportation of LNG
- B.13.6.7.1
- B.13.6.7.2
- B.13.6.7.3
- + B.13.7 LNG transfer
- B.13.7.1 General
- B.13.7.2 Highway tank and tank car loading and ...
- B.13.7.2.1 General
- B.13.7.2.2 Loading and unloading operations
- B.13.7.2.3 Tank car or highway tank
- B.13.7.2.4 Communications
- B.13.8 Portable and mobile equipment
- + B.13.9 Maintenance
- B.13.9.1 General
- B.13.9.1.1
- B.13.9.1.2
- B.13.9.1.3
- B.13.9.1.4
- B.13.9.1.5
- B.13.9.1.6
- B.13.9.1.7
- B.13.9.1.8
- B.13.9.1.9
- B.13.9.1.10
- B.13.9.1.11
- B.13.9.2 Maintenance manual
- B.13.9.2.1
- B.13.9.2.2
- B.13.9.2.3
- B.13.9.3 Site housekeeping
- B.13.9.3.1
- B.13.9.3.2
- B.13.9.3.3
- B.13.9.3.4
- B.13.9.4 Control systems, inspection, and testi...
- B.13.9.4.1
- B.13.9.4.2
- B.13.9.5 Corrosion control
- B.13.9.5.1
- B.13.9.5.2
- B.13.9.5.3
- B.13.9.5.4
- B.13.9.5.5
- B.13.9.6 Records
- B.13.9.6.1
- B.13.9.6.2
- B.13.9.6.3
- + B.13.10 Training
- B.13.10.1
- B.13.10.2
- B.13.10.3
- B.13.10.4
- B.13.10.5
- B.13.10.6
- B.13.10.7
- B.13.10.8
- B.13.10.9
- + B.13.11 Operational security requirements
- B.13.11.1
- B.13.11.2
- B.13.11.3
- Table B.1
- Table B.2
- Table B.3
- Table B.4
- Table B.5
- Table B.6
- Table B.7
- Table B.8
- Figure B.1
- Figure B.2
- Figure B.3
- Figure B.4
- Figure B.5
- + Annex C (informative)
- Commentary on CSA Z276
- C.3 Definitions
- C.5.4.3.4
- C.7 Stationary LNG storage tank systems and pre...
- C.7.1.4.7
- C.7.1.4.8
- + C.7.5.1 Leak and hydrostatic testing
- C.14.2.3 Project development phases
- + Table C.1
- C.14.3.3.4.4
- Table C.2
- Table C.3
1.1 Application
This Standard applies to the
design;
siting;
construction;
operation; and
maintenance
of facilities for the liquefaction of natural gas and facilities for the storage, vaporization, transfer, handling, and truck transport of LNG. It also contains requirements for the training of personnel.
1.2 Other LNG applications
1.2.1
For facilities that load or unload LNG from a marine vessel, this Standard contains requirements for the interconnecting piping between the loading/unloading arm flange and the storage tank(s), and other piping and appurtenances on the pier or jetty itself.
1.2.2
When LNG is dispensed into vehicles at an LNG facility, this Standard applies to the facility equipment and systems other than those solely used for LNG dispensing.
Note: Guidelines for LNG vehicle fueling stations can be found in CSA B108.2.
1.2.3
The requirements for small LNG plants are given in Annex B. (See the definition of “Small plant” in Clause 3.)
1.2.4
The requirements for mobile and portable LNG equipment used on a temporary or permanent basis are covered in Annex B.
1.3 Exceptions
This Standard does not apply to the following:
frozen ground containers;
floating LNG facilities;
the transportation of refrigerants by any means;
the transportation of LNG by railcar or marine vessel;
the transportation of LNG or regasified LNG by pipeline beyond the facility boundary, except as specified in Clause 1.2.1;
facilities designed for the dispensing of LNG as fuel for railroad locomotives or marine vessels; and
LNG vehicle fueling stations (see CSA B108.2).
1.4 Pressure reference
All references to pressure throughout this Standard refer to gauge pressures unless otherwise specified.
1.5 Pipe size
All pipe sizes refer to nominal pipe sizes (NPS).
1.6 Units
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
1.7 Terminology
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
You may comment on any section of this document by clicking the “Submit Comment” link at the bottom of the relevant section.