Draft Details
- Design and construction of building structur...
- DRAFT STANDARD
- Legal Notice for Draft Standards
- Preface
- + 1 Scope
- 1.1 General
- 1.2 FRP components
- 1.3 FRP reinforced components
- 1.4 Exposure to fire and temperature effects
- 1.5 Terminology
- 2 Reference publications
- + 3 Definitions, abbreviations, subscripts and sy...
- 3.1 Definitions
- 3.2 Abbreviations
- 3.3 Subscripts and symbols
- 3.4 Units of measurement
- 4 Drawings and related documents
- + 5 General design requirements
- + 5.1 Structural design
- 5.1.1 General
- 5.1.2 Alternative design procedures
- 5.1.3 Criteria for component testing
- 5.2 Structural integrity
- + 5.3 Fire performance
- 5.3.1 General
- + 5.3.2 Fire resistance
- 5.3.2.1
- 5.3.2.2
- 5.3.2.3
- 5.3.2.4
- + 5.3.3 Flame spread and smoke development
- 5.3.3.1
- 5.3.3.2
- 5.3.4 Noncombustibility
- 5.3.5 Noncombustible Construction
- 5.4 Durability
- + 6 Limit states, loading, load combinations, and...
- 6.1 Symbols
- + 6.2 Limit states
- 6.2.1 Durability
- 6.2.2 Fire resistance
- 6.2.3 Ultimate limit state
- + 6.2.4 Serviceability limit states
- 6.2.4.1 Deflections
- 6.2.4.2 Local damage and cracking
- 6.2.4.3 Vibrations
- + 6.3 Loading
- 6.3.1 Loads
- 6.3.2 Loads not listed
- 6.3.3 Imposed deformations
- + 6.4 Load combinations and load factors
- 6.4.1 Load combinations and factor for ultimate...
- 6.4.2 Load combination for serviceability limit...
- + 6.5 Factored resistance
- 6.5.1 General
- + 6.5.2 Factored resistance of FRP components and...
- 6.5.2.1
- 6.5.2.2
- 6.5.2.3
- 6.5.2.4
- + 6.5.3 Factored resistance of concrete
- 6.5.3.1
- 6.5.3.2
- 6.5.4 Steel reinforcement and tendons
- 6.5.5 Factored resistance of other structural m...
- PART A – Internal FRP
- + 7 Properties of FRP components and reinforcing ...
- + 7.1 FRP bars, tendons, and grids
- 7.1.1 General
- + 7.1.2 Materials and composition
- 7.1.2.1
- 7.1.2.2
- + 7.1.3 Non-prestressed FRP reinforcement
- 7.1.3.1
- 7.1.3.2
- 7.1.3.3
- + 7.1.4 FRP prestressing tendons
- 7.1.4.1
- 7.1.4.2
- 7.1.4.3
- + 7.1.5 Testing and acceptance
- 7.1.5.1
- 7.1.5.2
- 7.1.5.3
- + 7.1.6 Characteristic values for design
- 7.1.6.1
- 7.1.6.2
- 7.1.6.3
- 7.1.6.4
- 7.1.6.5
- + 7.2 Fibre-reinforced concrete cladding
- 7.2.1 General
- + 7.2.2 Materials and composition of FRC cladding...
- 7.2.2.1
- 7.2.2.2
- 7.2.2.3
- 7.2.2.4
- 7.2.2.5
- 7.2.2.6
- 7.2.2.7
- 7.2.2.8
- + 7.2.3 Determination of physical and mechanical ...
- 7.2.3.1
- 7.2.3.2
- 7.2.3.3
- 7.2.4 FRC as an exterior layer added to the sur...
- + 7.3 FRP cladding
- 7.3.1 General
- + 7.3.2 Material composition of FRP
- 7.3.2.1
- 7.3.2.2
- 7.3.2.3
- 7.3.2.4
- 7.3.2.5
- 7.3.2.6
- 7.3.3 Determination of physical and mechanical ...
- + 8 Design of concrete components with FRP reinfo...
- 8.1 Symbols
- + 8.2 Design requirements
- 8.2.1 General
- 8.2.2 Failure initiated by FRP rupture
- 8.2.3 Minimum cover
- 8.2.4 Buildings other than parking structures
- 8.2.5 Parking structures
- + 8.3 Beams and one-way slabs
- + 8.3.1 Distribution of flexural reinforcement
- 8.3.1.1
- 8.3.1.2
- 8.3.1.3
- + 8.3.2 Deflection under service loads
- 8.3.2.1
- 8.3.2.2
- 8.3.2.3
- 8.3.2.4
- 8.3.2.5
- 8.3.2.6
- 8.3.2.7
- 8.3.2.8
- 8.3.2.9
- 8.3.2.10 Moment of inertia for continuous spans...
- 8.3.3 Vibrations
- + 8.4 Ultimate limit states
- + 8.4.1 Flexural strength
- 8.4.1.1
- 8.4.1.2
- 8.4.1.3
- 8.4.1.4
- 8.4.1.5
- 8.4.1.6
- 8.4.1.7
- 8.4.1.8
- + 8.4.2 Minimum reinforcement
- 8.4.2.1
- 8.4.2.2
- 8.4.2.3
- 8.4.2.4 Anchorage of reinforcement
- + 8.4.3 Members under flexure and axial load
- 8.4.3.1
- 8.4.3.2
- 8.4.3.3
- 8.4.3.4
- 8.4.3.5
- 8.4.3.6
- 8.4.3.7
- 8.4.3.8
- 8.4.3.9
- 8.4.3.10
- 8.4.3.11
- 8.4.3.12 FRP spirals in circular sections
- + 8.4.3.13 FRP ties in rectangular and circular s...
- 8.4.3.13.1 Configuration of FRP ties for rectan...
- 8.4.3.13.2 Configuration of FRP ties for circul...
- 8.4.3.14
- + 8.4.4 Design for shear and torsion in flexural ...
- 8.4.4.1 General
- 8.4.4.2 Sections near supports
- 8.4.4.3 Required shear resistance
- 8.4.4.4 Factored shear resistance
- 8.4.4.5 Determination of Vc
- 8.4.4.6 Shear modification due to arch effect V...
- 8.4.4.7 Shear modification due to member size
- 8.4.4.8 Neglecting size effect
- 8.4.4.9 Determination of VsF and Vss
- 8.4.4.10 Members subjected to axial tension
- 8.4.4.11 Members subjected to axial compression...
- + 8.4.5 Minimum shear reinforcement
- 8.4.5.1
- 8.4.5.2
- + 8.4.6 Maximum spacing of transverse reinforceme...
- 8.4.6.1
- 8.4.6.2
- + 8.4.7 Proportioning of longitudinal reinforceme...
- 8.4.7.1 Extension of longitudinal reinforcement...
- 8.4.7.2 Flexural tension side
- 8.4.7.3 Flexural compression side
- 8.4.7.4 Compression fan regions
- 8.4.7.5 Anchorage of longitudinal reinforcement...
- + 8.4.8 Sections subjected to combined shear and ...
- 8.4.8.1 Transverse reinforcement for combined s...
- 8.4.8.2 Transverse reinforcement for torsion
- 8.4.8.3 Factored torsional resistance
- 8.4.8.4 Cross-sectional dimensions to avoid cru...
- 8.4.8.5 Determination of εl
- 8.4.8.6 Proportioning longitudinal reinforcemen...
- + 8.5 Strut-and-tie model
- 8.5.1.1 General
- 8.5.1.2 Simplified and refined strut-and-tie mo...
- + 8.5.2 Proportioning of strut
- 8.5.2.1 Strength of strut
- 8.5.2.2 Effective cross-sectional area of strut...
- 8.5.2.3 Net cross sectional area of strut
- 8.5.2.4 Limiting compressive stress in struts
- 8.5.2.5 Reinforced struts
- + 8.5.3 Proportioning of ties
- 8.5.3.1 Strength of ties
- 8.5.3.2 Anchorage of ties in node regions
- 8.5.3.3 Anchorage of ties anchoring compressive...
- + 8.5.4 Proportioning of node regions
- 8.5.4.1 Stress limits in node regions
- 8.5.4.2 Satisfying stress limits in node region...
- 8.5.5 Crack control reinforcement
- + 8.6 Special provisions for brackets and corbels...
- 8.6.1
- 8.6.2
- 8.6.3
- 8.6.4
- 8.6.5
- 8.6.6
- 8.6.7
- 8.6.8
- + 8.7 Punching shear
- 8.7.1 General
- 8.7.2 Punching shear resistance
- 8.7.3 Maximum value of f ‘c
- 8.7.4 Size effect on punching shear resistance
- 8.7.5
- + 8.7.6 Shear reinforcement for two-way slabs wit...
- 8.7.6.1
- 8.7.6.2
- 8.7.6.3
- + 8.7.7 Headed shear reinforcement
- 8.7.7.1
- 8.7.7.2
- 8.7.7.3
- 8.7.7.4
- 8.7.7.5
- + 8.7.8 Stirrup reinforcement
- 8.7.8.1
- 8.7.8.2
- 8.7.8.3
- 8.7.8.4
- + 8.8 Interface shear transfer
- 8.8.1 General
- 8.8.2 Values of c and μ
- 8.8.3 Anchorage of shear-friction reinforcement...
- + 9 Development and splices of reinforcement
- 9.1 Symbols
- + 9.2 Development of reinforcement — General
- 9.2.1
- 9.2.2
- + 9.3 Development length of bars in tension
- 9.3.1 General
- 9.3.2 Development length
- 9.3.3 Modification factors
- + 9.3.4 Development length of bundled bars
- 9.3.4.1
- 9.3.5
- 9.3.6
- 9.3.7
- 9.3.8
- 9.3.9 Development of grid reinforcement
- 9.3.10 Development length of bent bar
- + 9.4 Development of flexural reinforcement — Gen...
- 9.4.1
- 9.4.2
- 9.4.3
- 9.4.4
- + 9.5 Development of positive moment reinforcemen...
- 9.5.1
- 9.5.2
- 9.5.3
- + 9.6 Development of negative moment reinforcemen...
- 9.6.1
- 9.6.2
- + 9.7 Anchorage of shear reinforcement
- 9.7.1
- 9.7.2
- 9.7.3
- + 9.8 Splices of reinforcement — General
- 9.8.1
- 9.8.2
- 9.8.3
- 9.8.4
- 9.8.5
- 9.9 Mechanical anchorage
- + 10 Design of concrete components prestressed wi...
- 10.1 Symbols
- 10.2 General
- + 10.3 Design assumptions for flexure and axial l...
- 10.3.1 Basic assumptions
- 10.3.2 Concrete cover
- + 10.4 Permissible stresses in concrete
- + 10.4.1 Stresses immediately after prestress tra...
- 10.4.1.1
- 10.4.1.2
- 10.4.2 Stresses after allowance for all prestre...
- + 10.5 Permissible stresses in tendons
- 10.5.1 Permissible stresses at jacking and tran...
- 10.5.2 Anchorage for FRP tendons
- 10.5.3 Reinforcement of disturbed regions
- + 10.6 Losses of prestress
- 10.6.1 Effective prestressing force
- + 10.6.2 Prestress losses
- 10.6.2.1
- 10.6.2.2
- 10.6.2.3
- 10.6.2.4
- 10.6.2.5
- 10.6.2.6
- 10.6.2.7
- 10.6.2.8
- + 10.7 Flexural resistance
- 10.7.1 Strain compatibility analysis
- 10.7.2 Bond reduction coefficient
- 10.7.3 Inclusion of reinforcement in flexural r...
- 10.8 Minimum factored flexural resistance
- 10.9 Minimum area of bonded non-prestressed rei...
- 10.10 Shear reinforcement
- 10.11 Web crushing
- 10.12 Minimum length of bonded reinforcement
- + 11 General design requirements
- + 11.1 General
- 11.1.1
- + 11.1.2 Required information
- 11.1.2.1
- 11.1.2.2
- + 11.1.3 Structural design
- 11.1.3.1
- 11.1.3.2
- + 12 Provisions for seismic design
- 12.1 Symbols
- 12.2 General
- 12.3 Applicability
- + 12.4 Seismic loads
- + 12.4.1 Seismic loads for new construction
- 12.4.1.1
- 12.4.1.2
- 12.4.1.3
- 12.4.1.4
- 12.4.1.5
- 12.4.1.6
- 12.4.1.7
- + 12.5 Seismic design of FRP reinforced concrete ...
- + 12.5.1 General
- 12.5.1.1
- 12.5.1.2
- 12.5.1.3
- 12.5.1.4
- + 12.5.2 FRP transverse reinforcement for members...
- 12.5.2.1 Buckling prevention ties
- + 12.5.2.2 Beams of ductile moment-resisting fram...
- 12.5.2.2.1
- 12.5.2.2.2
- 12.7.2.2.3
- 12.5.2.2.4
- + 12.5.2.3 Beams of moderately ductile moment-res...
- 12.5.2.3.1
- 12.5.2.3.2
- 12.5.2.3.3
- + 12.5.2.4 Columns of ductile moment-resisting fr...
- 12.5.2.4.1
- 12.5.2.4.2
- 12.5.2.4.3
- 12.5.3.6
- + 12.5.3.7
- 12.5.2.4.4
- 12.5.2.4.5
- 12.5.2.4.6
- + 12.5.2.5 Columns of moderately ductile moment-r...
- 12.5.2.5.1
- 12.5.2.5.2
- 12.5.2.5.3
- 12.5.2.5.4
- 12.5.2.5.5
- + 12.5.2.6 Columns of conventional moment-resisti...
- 12.5.2.6.1
- 12.5.2.6.2
- + 12.5.2.7 Ductile and moderately ductile shear w...
- 12.5.2.7.1 Ties for vertical distributed reinfo...
- 12.5.2.7.2 Ties for concentrated reinforcement
- 12.5.2.7.3 Confinement of concrete
- 12.5.2.7.4 Shear resistance of flexural shear w...
- + 12.5.3 Design of beam-column joints
- 12.5.3.1 Joints of ductile moment resisting fra...
- 12.5.3.1.1 Transverse reinforcement in joints
- 12.5.3.1.2
- 12.5.3.1.3
- 12.5.3.2 Joints of moderately ductile moment re...
- + 12.5.4 Design for longitudinal and transverse F...
- 12.5.4.1
- 12.5.4.2
- + 12.5.5 Longitudinal and transverse FRP reinforc...
- 12.5.5.1
- 12.5.5.2
- 12.5.5.3 Design of slab-column connections for ...
- 12.5.5.4 Design of shear reinforcement in slabs...
- + 12.5.6 Conventional concrete shear walls with h...
- 12.5.6.1
- 12.5.6.2
- 12.5.6.3
- 12.5.6.4
- 12.5.6.5
- 12.5.6.6
- + 13 Design of FRC/FRP composites cladding
- 13.1 General
- + 13.2 Design considerations
- 13.2.1 General
- 13.2.2 Provision for movement
- 13.2.3 Anchorages and connections
- 13.2.4 Joints
- 13.2.5 Handling and transportation
- 13.2.6 Drawings
- 13.2.7 Surface finishes
- Part B – External FRP
- + 14 Strengthening of concrete, masonry and steel...
- 14.1 Symbols
- + 14.2 Surface-bonded and near-surface-mounted FR...
- 14.2.1 General
- + 14.2.2 Materials and composition
- 14.2.2.1
- 14.2.2.2
- + 14.2.3 General properties of surface-bonded and...
- 14.2.3.1
- 14.2.4 Testing for materials of the FRP reinfor...
- 14.2.5 Physical and mechanical properties of FR...
- 14.2.6 Specified values for design
- 14.2.7 Resistance factor
- 14.2.8 Other performance tests
- + 14.3 Design requirements for concrete beam stre...
- + 14.3.1 Flexural strength
- 14.3.1.1
- 14.3.1.2
- 14.3.1.3
- 14.3.1.4
- 14.3.1.5
- 14.3.1.6
- 14.3.1.7
- 14.3.1.8
- 14.3.1.9
- 14.3.1.10
- 14.3.1.11
- 14.3.1.12
- + 14.3.2 Shear strength
- 14.3.2.1
- 14.3.2.2
- 14.3.2.5
- 14.3.2.6
- 14.3.2.7
- 14.3.2.8
- 14.3.2.9
- 14.3.2.10
- 14.3.2.11
- 14.3.2.12
- 14.3.2.13
- + 14.4 Design requirements for concrete column st...
- + 14.4.1 Flexural strength enhancement
- 14.4.1.1
- 14.4.1.2
- 14.4.1.3
- 14.4.1.4
- 14.4.1.5
- + 14.4.2 Axial load capacity enhancement
- 14.4.2.1
- 14.4.2.2
- 14.4.2.3
- 14.4.2.4
- 14.4.2.5
- + 14.4.3 Shear strength enhancement
- 14.4.3.1
- 14.4.3.2
- + 14.5 Design requirements of concrete wall stren...
- 14.5.1 General
- + 14.5.2 Flexural strength
- 14.5.2.1
- 14.5.2.2
- 14.5.2.3
- 14.5.2.4
- 14.5.2.5
- 14.5.2.6
- + 14.5.3 Shear strength enhancement
- 14.5.3.1
- 14.5.3.2
- 14.5.3.3
- 14.5.3.4
- 14.5.3.5
- 14.5.3.6
- + 14.6 Design requirements for masonry beam stren...
- + 14.6.1 Flexural strength
- 14.6.1.1
- 14.6.1.2
- 14.6.1.3
- 14.6.1.4
- + 14.6.2 Shear strength
- 14.6.2.1
- 14.6.2.2
- 14.6.2.3
- + 14.7 Design requirements for fully-grouted maso...
- + 14.7.1 Flexural strength enhancement
- 14.7.1.1
- 14.7.1.2
- 14.7.1.3
- 14.7.1.4
- 14.7.1.5
- 14.7.1.6
- 14.7.1.7
- + 14.7.2 Axial load capacity enhancement
- 14.7.2.1
- 14.7.2.2
- 14.7.2.3
- 14.7.2.4
- + 14.7.4 Shear strength enhancement
- 14.7.4.1
- 14.7.4.2
- + 14.8 Design requirements of masonry wall streng...
- + 14.8.1 Out-of-plane flexural strength
- 14.8.1.1
- 11.8.1.2
- 14.8.1.3
- 14.8.1.4
- 14.8.1.5
- + 14.8.2 In-plane shear strength enhancement
- 14.8.2.1
- 14.8.2.2
- 14.8.2.3
- + 14.9 Design requirements for steel and composit...
- 14.9.1
- 14.9.2
- 14.9.3
- 14.9.4
- + 14.10 Design of masonry with internal FRP reinf...
- + 14.10.1 Considerations for the use of FRP reinf...
- 14.10.1.1 Limitations
- 14.10.1.2 Masonry walls permitted to have inter...
- 14.10.2 Design requirements
- 14.10.2.1 Applicability of design provisions
- 14.10.2.2 Maximum usable tension strain in FRP
- 14.10.2.3 Compression reinforcement
- 14.10.2.4 Minimum and maximum reinforcement in ...
- 14.10.2.5 Lap splices of FRP reinforcing bars i...
- 14.10.2.6 Masonry stress-strain relationship
- 14.10.2.7 Maximum compressive stress in masonry...
- 14.10.2.8 Factored sliding shear resistance
- 14.10.2.9 Serviceability
- + 14.11 Provisions for seismic design
- 14.11.1 Seismic loads for repair and retrofit
- + 14.11.2 Design requirements for column retrofit...
- 14.11.2.1 General
- + 14.11.2 Retrofit for flexural strength enhancem...
- 14.11.2.1
- 14.11.2.2
- 14.11.3.1
- 14.11.3.2
- 14.11.3.3
- 14.11.3.4
- 14.11.3.5
- + 14.11.4 Retrofit for lap splice clamping
- 14.11.4.1
- 14.11.4.2
- 14.11.4.3
- 14.11.4.4
- 14.11.4.5
- 14.11.4.6
- + 14.11.5 Retrofit for shear strength enhancement...
- 14.11.5.1
- 14.11.5.2
- + 14.12 Design for shear wall retrofits
- + 14.12.1 General
- 14.12.1.1
- 14.12.1.2
- 14.12.1.3
- + 14.12.2 Retrofitting reinforced concrete shear ...
- 14.12.2.1
- 14.12.2.2
- 14.12.2.3
- 14.12.2.4
- + 14.12.3 Retrofitting masonry shear walls
- 14.12.3.1
- 142.12.3.2
- 14.12.3.3
- + 14.13 Construction
- + 14.13.1 General
- + 14.13.1.1 Prior to construction
- 14.13.1.1.1
- 14.13.1.1.2
- 14.13.1.2 During construction
- + 14.13.2 Material storage and handling
- 14.13.2.1 General
- 14.13.2.2 Manufactured FRP bars, plates, and la...
- 14.13.2.3 Dry fibre fabrics and prepreg fabrics...
- 14.13.2.4 Resins and adhesives, fillers and dil...
- + 14.13.3 Installation and placement
- 14.13.3.1 General
- 14.13.3.2 Internal FRP reinforcement (new const...
- + 14.13.3.3 External FRP reinforcement (strengthe...
- 14.13.3.3.1 General requirements of installatio...
- 14.13.3.3.2 Concrete Surface Preparation
- + 14.14 Quality control, Quality assurance, Quali...
- 14.14.1 General
- 14.14.2 Material properties control
- 14.14.3 Field conditions
- + 14.14.4 Mechanical Anchorage
- 14.14.4.1 Types of Mechanical Anchors
- 14.14.4.2 Field condition and inspection
- + List of Tables
- Table 1
- Table 2
- Table 3
- Table 4
- Table 5
- Table 6
- Table 7
- Table 8
- Table 9
- Table 10
- + List of Figures
- Figure 1a
- Figure 1b
- Figure 2
- Figure 3
- Figure 4
- Figure 5
- Figure 6
- + Annex A (normative)
- A.1 Scope
- A.2 Symbols
- + A.3 Apparatus
- A.3.1 Specimen container
- A.3.2 Weighing scale
- + A.4 Specimens
- A.4.1 Cutting specimens
- A.4.2 Specimen length
- A.4.3 Number of specimens
- A.5 Test environment
- + A.6 Procedures
- A.6.1 Conditioning
- A.6.2 Measuring specimen length
- A.6.3 Measuring container volume
- A.6.4 Placing specimens in the container
- A.6.5 Adding water
- A.6.6 Measuring volume of added water
- + A.7 Calculations
- A.7.1 Cross-sectional area
- A.7.2 Rounding
- + A.8 Report
- A.8.1
- A.8.2
- A.8.3
- Table A.1
- Figure A.1
- + Annex B (normative)
- B.1 Scope
- B.2 Symbols
- + B.3 Specification of anchor
- B.3.1 Geometry
- B.3.2 Attachment to testing machine
- B.3.3 Anchor filler material
- + B.3.4 Specimen preparation
- B.3.4.1 Cutting specimens
- B.3.4.2 Specimen length
- B.3.4.3 Surface preparation
- + B.3.5 Anchor casting procedure
- B.3.5.1 Casting position
- B.3.5.2 Preparation
- B.3.5.3 Mixing and handling resin
- B.3.5.4 Filling resin
- B.3.5.5 Curing
- B.3.5.6 Handling
- Figure B.1
- Figure B.2
- Figure B.3
- + Annex C (normative)
- C.1 Scope
- C.2 Symbols
- + C.3 Apparatus
- C.3.1 Testing machine
- C.3.2 Specimen-anchoring devices
- C.3.3 Load-measuring device
- C.3.4 Strain-measuring devices
- C.3.5 Ultimate-elongation-measuring device
- C.3.6 Data acquisition system
- + C.4 Specimens
- C.4.1 General
- C.4.2 Specimen length and cutting specimens
- C.4.3 Number of specimens
- C.4.4 Cross-sectional area
- C.5 Test environment
- + C.6 Procedure
- C.6.1 Handling of specimens
- C.6.2 Mounting of specimens
- C.6.3 Attaching measurement devices
- C.6.4 Recording
- C.6.5 Rate of loading
- C.6.6 Detaching strain-measurement device
- C.6.7 Safety measure
- C.6.8 Rejection
- + C.7 Calculations
- C.7.1 Tensile strength
- C.7.2 Modulus of elasticity
- C.7.3 Ultimate elongation
- C.7.4 Rounding
- + C.8 Report
- C.8.1
- C.8.2
- C.8.3
- C.8.4
- Figure C.1
- + Annex D (normative)
- D.1 Scope
- D.2 Symbols
- + D.3 Significance and use
- D.3.1
- D.3.2
- D.3.3
- D.4 Definitions
- + D.5 Specimen preparation
- D.5.1
- D.5.2
- D.5.3
- + D.6 Test method and requirements
- D.6.1
- D.6.2
- D.6.3
- D.6.4
- D.6.5
- D.6.6
- + D.7 Calculation
- D.7.1
- D.7.2
- D.7.3
- D.8 Report
- Figure D.1
- Figure D.2
- + Annex I (informative)
- I.1 Scope
- I.2 Symbols
- + I.3 Significance and use
- I.3.1
- I.3.2
- I.4 Definitions
- + I.5 Specimen preparation
- I.5.1
- I.5.2
- + I.6 Test equipment and requirements
- I.6.1
- I.6.2
- I.6.3
- I.6.4
- I.6.5
- I.6.6
- I.6.7
- I.6.8
- + I.7 Test method
- I.7.1
- I.7.2
- I.7.3
- I.7.4
- I.7.5
- + I.8 Calculations
- I.8.1
- I.8.2
- I.8.3
- I.9 Report
- + Annex N (informative)
- N.1 Scope
- N.2 Symbols
- + N.3 Test method A
- + N.3.1 Apparatus
- N.3.1.1 Testing machine
- N.3.1.2 Specimen-anchoring devices
- N.3.1.3 Load-measuring device
- N.3.1.4 Data acquisition system
- + N.3.2 Specimens
- N.3.2.1 General
- N.3.2.2 Number of specimens
- N.3.2.3 FRP reinforcement
- N.3.2.4 Precautions
- N.3.2.5 Cross-sectional area
- N.3.2.6 Tensile strength
- N.3.2.7 FRP sheet dimension
- N.3.2.8 Specimen length
- N.3.2.9 Concrete
- N.3.2.10 Casting specimens
- N.3.2.11 Curing specimens
- N.3.2.12 Bonding the FRP sheets
- N.3.2.13 Anchoring free end of steel bar
- N.3.3 Test environment
- N.3.4 Order of testing specimens
- + N.3.5 Test procedure
- N.3.5.1 Mounting specimen
- N.3.5.2 Rate of loading
- N.3.5.3 Data recording
- N.3.5.4 Safety measure
- N.3.5.5 Test termination
- N.3.5.6 Rejection
- + N.4 Test method B
- + N.4.1 Apparatus
- N.4.1.1 Hydraulic jack testing
- N.4.1.2 Load-measuring device
- N.4.1.3 Data acquisition system
- + N.4.2 Specimens
- N.4.2.1 General
- N.4.2.2 Specimen dimensions
- N.4.2.3 Number of specimens
- N.4.2.4 FRP reinforcement
- N.4.2.5 Precautions
- N.4.2.6 Cross-sectional area
- N.4.2.7 Tensile strength
- N.4.2.8 FRP sheet length
- N.4.2.9 Concrete
- N.4.2.10 Casting specimens
- N.4.2.11 Curing specimens
- N.4.2.12 Bonding the FRP sheets
- N.4.3 Test environment
- N.4.4 Order of testing specimens
- + N.4.5 Test procedure
- N.4.5.1 Mounting the specimen
- N.4.5.2 Rate of loading
- N.4.5.3 Data recording
- N.4.5.4 Safety measure
- N.4.5.5 Test termination
- N.4.5.6 Rejection
- + N.5 Calculations
- N.5.1 Effective length
- N.5.2 Bond stress
- N.6 Report
- Figure N.1
- Figure N.2
- Figure N.3
- + Annex O (informative)
- O.1 Scope
- O.2 Symbols
- O.3 Summary of test method
- O.4 Test apparatus
- + O.5 Specimen preparation
- O.5.1 Field preparation of wet layup materials
- O.5.2 Laboratory preparation of wet layup mater...
- O.5.3 Field/laboratory preparation of precured ...
- O.5.4 Geometry
- O.5.5 Tabs
- O.6 Conditioning
- + O.7 Test procedure
- O.7.1
- O.7.2
- O.7.3
- O.7.4
- O.8 Report
- Table O.1
- Figure O.1
- + Annex P (informative)
- P.1 Fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC)
- + P.2 Materials and composition of FRC
- P.2.1 General
- + P.2.2 Concrete materials
- P.2.2.1 Cement
- P.2.2.2 Facing materials
- P.2.2.3 Sand for FRC backing
- P.2.2.4 Admixtures and curing agents
- P.2.2.5 Mixing water
- + P.2.3 Reinforcements
- P.2.3.1 General
- P.2.3.2 Alkali-resistant glass fibre
- P.2.3.3 Aramid fibres
- P.2.3.4 Polypropylene fibres
- P.2.3.5 Polyethylene fibres
- P.2.3.6 Polyester fibres
- + P.3 Testing
- P.3.1 General
- + P.3.2 Acceptance testing of materials
- P.3.2.1 Cement
- P.3.2.2 Glass fibre
- P.3.2.3 Sand
- P.3.2.4 Facing aggregates
- P.3.2.5 Water
- P.3.2.6 Admixtures
- P.3.2.7 Curing agent
- P.3.2.8 Form release agents, surface retarders,...
- P.3.2.9 Structural shapes, cold-formed steel, h...
- + P.3.3 Production testing
- P.3.3.1 Face mixes
- P.3.3.2 GFRC backing
- P.3.3.3 Flex anchor and gravity anchor pull-off...
- P.3.4 Production testing of aggregates
- + P.3.5 Production testing — Wet
- P.3.5.1 Slurry consistency slump test
- P.3.5.2 Slurry unit weight
- P.3.5.3 Slurry temperature
- P.3.5.4 Spray rate
- P.3.5.5 Test boards
- P.3.5.6 Washout tests
- P.3.5.7 Thickness
- P.3.5.8 Face mix
- + P.3.6 Production testing — After curing
- P.3.6.1 Backing strength tests
- P.3.6.2 Face mix strength tests
- P.3.6.3 Bulk density and absorption
- P.3.6.4 Flex Anchor and gravity anchor pull-off...
- P.3.7 Design
- P.3.8 Fabrication and placement of reinforcemen...
- + P.3.9 Tolerances
- P.3.9.1 General
- P.3.9.2 Wall panels
- P.3.9.3 Joints
- P.3.10 Alternative products
- P.3.11 Forms
- Table P.1
- Table P.2
- Table P.3
- Table P.4
- Table P.5
- Table P.6
- + Annex Q (informative)
- Q.1 Fibre-reinforced polymer nonstructural comp...
- + Q.2 Materials and composition of reinforced pol...
- Q.2.1 Resin paste
- Q.2.2 Fillers
- + Q.3 Physical properties
- Q.3.1 Tensile and flexural strength
- Q.3.2 Modulus of elasticity
- Q.3.3 Compressive strength
- Q.3.4 Shear strength
- Q.3.5 Volumetric shrinkage
- Q.3.6 Moisture absorption
- Q.3.7 Coefficient of thermal expansion
- Q.3.8 Creep
- Q.3.9 Fatigue
- Q.3.10 Fire performance
- Q.3.11 Weathering
- Q.3.12 Acoustical properties
- Q.3.13 Density
- Q.3.14 Thermal conductivity
- Q.3.15 Electrical properties
- Q.3.16 Bonding properties
- Q.3.17 Test methods for FRP materials
- + Q.4 Exterior cladding
- Q.4.1 General
- + Q.4.2 Panels
- Q.4.2.1 FRP Sheets
- Q.4.2.2 Composite panels
- Table Q.1
- + Annex R (Normative)
- R.1 Fire Resistance of FRP-reinforced concrete ...
- + R.2 FRP-reinforced concrete slabs and beams
- R.2.1 Scope and Application
- + R.2.2 Full-Scale Fire Testing Specifications
- R.2.2.1 Testing the Fire-resistance of Some Cri...
- Figure 1
- R.2.3 Analytical Fire-resistance Evaluation
- Figure 2
- Figure 3
- Table X.1
- Table X.2
- Figure 4
- R.3 FRP-reinforced concrete columns and walls
- R.4 Material Combustibility and Fire Contributi...
- R.5 Fire resistance of FRP-strengthened structu...
- R.6 Reference publications
- + Annex S (normative)
- + S.1 Scope
- S.1.1
- S.1.2
- + S.2 Significance and use
- S.2.1
- S.2.2
- S.2.3
- S.2.4
- S.3 Definitions
- + S.4 Test equipment and requirements
- S.4.1
- S.4.2
- S.4.3
- S.4.4
- S.4.5
- S.4.6
- S.4.7
- S.4.8
- S.4.9
- S.4.10
- S.4.11
- S.4.12
- + S.5 Specimen preparation
- S.5.1
- S.5.2
- S.5.3
- S.5.4
- S.5.5
- S.5.6
- S.5.7
- S.5.8
- S.5.9
- S.6 Test conditions
- + S.7 Test method
- S.7.1
- S.7.2
- S.7.3
- S.7.4
- S.7.5
- + S.8 Calculations
- S.8.1
- S.8.2
- S.9 Report
- Figure S.1
- Figure S.2
- Figure S.3
- Annex T
- + Annex U
- Table U1
- Table U2
- Table U3
1.1 General
This Standard provides requirements for the design and evaluation of building components of fibre‑reinforced polymers (FRP) in buildings and of building components reinforced with FRP materials. It is based on limit states design principles and is consistent with the National Building Code of Canada.
This Standard does not apply to the design of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC), except for FRC/FRP cladding as defined in Clause 7.2 and Clause 13.
Note: Procedures, test methods, and specifications are provided in Annexes A to M.
1.2 FRP components
Requirements for the determination of engineering properties and design of self-supporting FRP components are covered by this Standard.
1.3 FRP reinforced components
Requirements for the determination of engineering properties and design of FRP reinforced building components are covered by this Standard. The FRP reinforcing elements covered include bars, tendons, mats, grids, roving, sheets, and laminates.
1.4 Exposure to fire and temperature effects
This Standard requires the designer to consider the possible effects of exposure to fire or elevated temperatures on the performance of FRP components and FRP reinforced components.
1.5 Terminology
In CSA standards, "shall" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; "should" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and "may" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application.
You may comment on any section of this document by clicking the “Submit Comment” link at the bottom of the relevant section.