Draft Details
- Workplace electrical safety (New Edition)
- CSA Z462:27
- Legal Notice for Draft Standards
- Preface
- + 1 Scope
- 1.1 General
- 1.2 Application
- 1.3 Suitability
- 1.4 Use with related standards and regulations
- 1.5 Organization of this Standard
- 1.6 Measurements
- 1.7 Terminology
- Figure 1
- 2 Reference publications
- 3 Definitions
- + 4 Safety-related work practices
- + 4.1 General requirements for electrical-safety-...
- 4.1.1 General
- 4.1.2 Purpose
- + 4.1.3 Responsibility
- 4.1.3.1 Employer responsibility
- 4.1.3.2 Worker responsibility
- 4.1.4 Organization
- 4.1.5 Electrical safety policy
- + 4.1.6 Electrically safe work condition
- 4.1.6.1 General
- 4.1.6.2 Requirement to establish
- 4.1.6.3 Exception to requirement
- 4.1.6.4 Equipment operating at less than or equ...
- + 4.1.7 Electrical safety program
- 4.1.7.1 General
- 4.1.7.2 Inspection
- 4.1.7.3 Condition of maintenance
- 4.1.7.4 Awareness and self-discipline
- 4.1.7.5 Electrical safety program principles
- 4.1.7.6 Electrical safety program controls
- 4.1.7.7 Electrical safety program procedures
- 4.1.7.8 Risk assessment procedure
- 4.1.7.8.1 General
- 4.1.7.8.2 Elements of a risk assessment procedu...
- 4.1.7.8.2.1 General
- 4.1.7.8.2.2 Additional person
- 4.1.7.8.3 Human error
- 4.1.7.8.4 Normal equipment condition
- 4.1.7.8.4.1 Requirement to determine
- 4.1.7.8.4.2 Determination of normal equipment c...
- 4.1.7.8.5 Hierarchy of risk control methods
- 4.1.7.9 Job safety planning and job briefing
- 4.1.7.9.1 General
- 4.1.7.9.2 Job safety planning
- 4.1.7.9.3 Job briefing
- 4.1.7.9.4 Change in scope
- 4.1.7.10 Incident investigations
- 4.1.7.11 Lockout program and procedures
- 4.1.7.12 Auditing
- 4.1.7.12.1 Electrical safety program audit
- 4.1.7.12.1.2 Intervals
- 4.1.7.12.2 Work practices audit
- 4.1.7.12.2.1 Audits
- 4.1.7.12.2.2 Addressing deficiencies
- 4.1.7.12.2.3 Intervals
- 4.1.7.12.3 Lockout program audit
- 4.1.7.12.3.1 Audits
- 4.1.7.12.3.2 Intervals
- 4.1.7.12.4 Lockout procedure audit
- 4.1.7.12.4.1 Intervals
- 4.1.7.12.4.2 Lockout in progress
- 4.1.7.12.4.3 Audits
- 4.1.7.12.5 PPE audit
- 4.1.7.12.5.1 PPE inspection, testing and repair...
- 4.1.7.12.5.2 PPE service life audit
- 4.1.7.12.46 Documentation
- 4.1.7.13 Emergency response program
- + 4.1.8 Training
- 4.1.8.1 Electrical safety training
- 4.1.8.1.1 General
- 4.1.8.1.2 Training of qualified persons
- 4.1.8.1.3 Training of unqualified persons
- 4.1.8.1.4 Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFC...
- 4.1.8.1.5 Retraining and additional training
- 4.1.8.1.5.2 Additional training
- 4.1.8.1.6 Type of training
- 4.1.8.1.6.1 Design
- 4.1.8.1.6.2 Type and extent
- 4.1.8.1.7 Electrical safety training documentat...
- 4.1.8.2 Lockout procedure training
- 4.1.8.2.1 Initial training
- 4.1.8.2.2 Retraining
- 4.1.8.2.3 Lockout training documentation
- 4.1.8.3 Emergency procedure training
- 4.1.8.3.1 Contact release
- 4.1.8.3.1.1 Training
- 4.1.8.3.1.2 Retraining
- 4.1.8.3.2 Emergency response, first aid, and re...
- 4.1.8.3.3 Training verification
- 4.1.8.3.4 Documentation
- + 4.1.9 Host and contract employers’ responsibili...
- 4.1.9.1 Host employer responsibilities
- 4.1.9.1.1 Responsibility to inform
- 4.1.9.1.2 Responsibility to report violations
- 4.1.9.2 Contract employer responsibilities
- 4.1.9.2.1 Worker instruction
- 4.1.9.2.2 Work practices followed
- 4.1.9.2.3 Responsibility to inform
- 4.1.9.3 Documentation
- 4.1.10 Electrical equipment
- + 4.1.11 Test instruments and equipment
- 4.1.11.1 Testing
- 4.1.11.2 Rating
- 4.1.11.3 Design
- 4.1.11.4 Maintenance and functional verificatio...
- 4.1.11.4.1 Maintenance
- 4.1.11.4.2 Functional verification
- 4.1.11.5 Visual inspection, and repair
- 4.1.11.5.2 Repair
- 4.1.11.5 Operation verification
- + 4.1.12 Portable (cord-and-plug-connected) elect...
- 4.1.12.1 Maintenance
- 4.1.12.2 Handling and storage
- 4.1.12.3 Grounding-type equipment
- 4.1.12.4 Visual inspection and repair of portab...
- 4.1.12.5 Conductive or wet work locations
- 4.1.12.6 Connecting attachment plugs
- 4.1.12.7 Manufacturer's instructions
- + 4.1.13 Ground-fault circuit interrupter protect...
- 4.1.13.1 General
- 4.1.13.1.1 Provision of GFCI’s to workers
- 4.1.13.1.2 Cord sets or devices incorporating G...
- 4.1.13.2 Testing ground-fault circuit interrupt...
- 4.1.13.3 Additional circumstances requiring GFC...
- 4.1.14 Overcurrent protection modification
- + 4.2 Establishing an electrically safe work cond...
- + 4.2.1 Lockout program
- 4.2.1.1 General
- 4.2.1.2 Employer responsibilities
- + 4.2.2 Lockout principles
- 4.2.2.1 Worker involvement
- 4.2.2.2 Lockout procedure
- 4.2.2.3 Control of energy
- 4.2.2.4 Electrical circuit interlocks
- 4.2.2.5 Circuit disconnecting means
- 4.2.2.6 Control devices
- 4.2.2.7 Identification
- 4.2.2.8 Voltage
- 4.2.2.9 Coordination
- 4.2.2.10 Recognized forms of hazardous electric...
- 4.2.2.10.1 Forms of lockout
- 4.2.2.10.2 Individual lockout
- 4.2.2.10.3 Group or complex group lockout
- + 4.2.3 Lockout equipment
- 4.2.3.1 Lock application
- 4.2.3.2 Lockout device
- 4.2.3.2.1 Supply and use
- 4.2.3.2.2 Locks
- 4.2.3.3 Lockout device and associated hardware
- 4.2.3.3.1 Provision by user
- 4.2.3.3.2 Lockout device and tag
- 4.2.3.3.2 Information tag
- 4.2.3.3.3 Identity of qualified worker
- 4.2.3.3.4 Warnings
- 4.2.3.3.5 Hold cards
- + 4.2.4 Lockout procedures
- 4.2.4.1 General
- 4.2.4.2 Planning
- 4.2.4.3 Individual lockout
- 4.2.4.4 Group lockout
- 4.2.4.5 Complex group lockout
- 4.2.4.6 Elements of control
- 4.2.4.6.1 De-energizing equipment (shutdown)
- 4.2.4.6.2 Stored energy
- 4.2.4.6.3 Disconnecting means
- 4.2.4.6.4 Responsibility
- 4.2.4.6.5 Verification that equipment cannot be...
- 4.2.4.6.6 Testing for absence of voltage
- 4.2.4.6.7 Temporary protective grounding requir...
- 4.2.4.6.8 Shift change
- 4.2.4.6.9 Coordination
- 4.2.4.6.10 Accountability for personnel
- 4.2.4.6.11 Lockout application
- 4.2.4.6.12 Lockout and tag removal when the qua...
- 4.2.4.6.13 Return to service
- 4.2.4.6.13.1 Inspection of work area
- 4.2.4.6.13.2 Removal of non-essential items
- 4.2.4.6.13.3 Removal of lockout devices
- 4.2.4.6.13.4 Notification of affected personnel...
- 4.2.4.6.14 Temporary release for testing/positi...
- 4.2.5 Procedure to establish an electrically sa...
- + 4.2.6 Temporary protective grounding equipment
- 4.2.6.1 Placement
- 4.2.6.2 Capacity
- 4.2.6.3 Equipment approval
- 4.2.6.4 Impedance
- 4.2.6.5 Inspection
- 4.2.6.5.1 Initial inspection
- 4.2.6.5.2 Inspection interval
- 4.2.6.6 Testing
- 4.2.6.6.1 Testing interval
- 4.2.6.6.2 Return to service testing
- 4.2.6.6.3 Storage
- 4.2.6.7 Ground and test devices
- 4.2.6.7.1 Storage
- 4.2.6.7.2 Inspection and testing
- + 4.3 Work involving electrical hazards
- 4.3.1 General
- 4.3.2 Performance of work involving electrical ...
- + 4.3.3 Energized electrical work permit
- 4.3.3.1 General
- 4.3.3.2 Elements of work permit
- 4.3.3.3 Exemptions to work permit
- + 4.3.4 Shock risk assessment
- 4.3.4.1 General
- 4.3.4.2 Estimate of likelihood and severity
- 4.3.4.3 Additional protective measures
- 4.3.4.3.1 Selection
- 4.3.4.3.2 Requirements
- 4.3.4.4 Documentation
- 4.3.4.5 Shock protection boundaries
- 4.3.4.6 Limited approach boundary
- 4.3.4.6.1 Approach by unqualified persons
- 4.3.4.6.2 Working at or close to the limited ap...
- 4.3.4.6.3 Entering the limited approach boundar...
- 4.3.4.7 Restricted approach boundary
- Table 1A
- Table 1B
- + 4.3.5 Arc flash risk assessment
- 4.3.5.1 General
- 4.3.5.2 Estimate of likelihood and severity
- 4.3.5.3 Additional protective measures
- 4.3.5.3.1 Hierarchy of risk controls
- 4.3.5.3.2 When PPE is used
- 4.3.5.4 Documentation
- 4.3.5.5 Arc flash boundary
- 4.3.5.5.1 Distance
- 4.3.5.5.2 Arc flash PPE selection table method
- 4.3.5.6 Arc flash PPE selection methods
- 4.3.5.6.1 General
- 4.3.5.6.2 Arc flash PPE
- 4.3.5.6.3 Incident energy analysis method
- 4.3.5.6.4 Arc flash PPE selection table method
- Table 2
- 4.3.5.7 Equipment labelling
- 4.3.5.7.1 General
- 4.3.5.7.2 Label durability
- 4.3.5.7.3 Calculation method and documentation
- 4.3.5.7.4 Data review
- 4.3.5.7.5 Label updated
- 4.3.5.7.6 Labels applied prior to effective dat...
- 4.3.5.7.7 Supervised industrial installations
- 4.3.5.7.8 Equipment owner responsibility
- 4.3.6 [Reserved for future use]
- + 4.3.7 Personal and other protective equipment
- 4.3.7.1 General
- 4.3.7.2 Care of equipment
- 4.3.7.2.1 General
- 4.3.7.2.2 Visual inspection
- 4.3.7.2.3 Storage
- 4.3.7.2.4 Testing
- 4.3.7.3 Personal protective equipment
- 4.3.7.3.1 General
- 4.3.7.3.1.1 Working within the restricted appro...
- 4.3.7.3.1.2 Working within the arc flash bounda...
- 4.3.7.3.1.3 Protection of body parts
- 4.3.7.3.2 Movement and visibility
- 4.3.7.3.3 Head, face, neck, and chin protection...
- 4.3.7.3.4 Eye protection
- 4.3.7.3.5 Hearing protection
- 4.3.7.3.6 Body protection
- 4.3.7.3.7 Hand and arm protection
- Table 3A
- Table 3B
- 4.3.7.3.8 Foot protection
- 4.3.7.3.9 Factors in the selection and use of p...
- 4.3.7.3.9.1 General
- 4.3.7.3.9.2 Layering:
- 4.3.7.3.9.3 Outer layers:
- 4.3.7.3.9.4 Underlayers:
- 4.3.7.3.9.5 Coverage:
- 4.3.7.3.9.6 Fit:
- 4.3.7.3.9.7 Interference:
- 4.3.7.3.10 Arc flash protective equipment
- 4.3.7.3.11 Clothing material characteristics
- 4.3.7.3.12 Prohibited clothing and other appare...
- 4.3.7.3.13 Care and maintenance of arc-rated cl...
- 4.3.7.3.14 Personal protective equipment standa...
- Table 4
- 4.3.7.4 Other protective equipment
- 4.3.7.4.1 General
- 4.3.7.4.2 Insulated tools and equipment
- 4.3.7.4.3 Requirements for insulated tools and ...
- 4.3.7.4.4 Fuse-handling and fuseholder-handling...
- 4.3.7.4.5 Ropes and hand-lines
- 4.3.7.4.6 Fibreglass-reinforced plastic rods an...
- 4.3.7.4.7 Portable ladders
- 4.3.7.4.8 Barriers
- 4.3.7.4.9 Rubber insulating equipment
- 4.3.7.4.10 Voltage-rated plastic guard equipmen...
- 4.3.7.4.11 Field-fabricated physical or mechani...
- 4.3.7.4.12 Arc protective blanket assemblies
- Table 5
- + 4.3.8 Other precautions
- 4.3.8.1 Alertness
- 4.3.8.1.1 General
- 4.3.8.1.2 Impaired alertness
- 4.3.8.2 Blind reaching
- 4.3.8.3 Illumination
- 4.3.8.3.1 General
- 4.3.8.3.2 Obstructed view of work area
- 4.3.8.4 Wearing of conductive articles
- 4.3.8.5 Handling of conductive materials, tools...
- 4.3.8.5.1 General
- 4.3.8.5.2 Approach to energized electrical cond...
- 4.3.8.6 Confined or enclosed workspaces
- 4.3.8.7 Doors and hinged panels
- 4.3.8.8 Clear spaces
- 4.3.8.9 Housekeeping duties
- 4.3.8.10 Occasional use of flammable materials
- 4.3.8.11 Anticipating failure
- 4.3.8.12 Routine opening and closing of circuit...
- 4.3.8.13 Reclosing circuits after protective de...
- 4.3.8.14 Safety interlocks
- 4.3.8.15 Alerting techniques
- 4.3.8.15.1 Safety signs and tags
- 4.3.8.15.2 Barricades
- 4.3.8.15.3 Attendants
- 4.3.8.16 Look-alike equipment
- + 4.3.9 Work within the limited approach boundary...
- 4.3.9.1 Uninsulated and energized lines
- 4.3.9.2 Determination of insulation rating
- 4.3.9.3 De-energizing or guarding
- 4.3.9.4 Employer and worker responsibilities
- 4.3.9.5 Approach distances for unqualified pers...
- 4.3.9.6 Vehicular and mechanical equipment
- 4.3.9.6.1 Elevated equipment
- 4.3.9.6.2 Equipment contact
- 4.3.9.6.3 Equipment grounding
- 4.3.10 Underground electrical lines and equipme...
- 4.3.11 Cutting or drilling
- 4.3.12 Cutting, removing, or rerouting of elect...
- + 5 Safety-related maintenance requirements
- + 5.1 General
- 5.1.1 Workplaces covered
- 5.1.2 Worker safety
- 5.1.3 Maintenance methods, procedures and strat...
- 5.1.4 Definition of maintenance
- 5.1.5 Repair of replacement of individual parts...
- 5.2 Maintenance program
- + 5.3 General maintenance requirements
- + 5.3.1 Equipment maintenance
- 5.3.1.1 Maintenance
- 5.3.1.2 Inspection and testing requirements
- 5.3.1.3 Responsibilities of owner or designated...
- 5.3.1.4 Documentation
- 5.3.2 Qualified persons
- 5.3.3 Single-line diagram
- 5.3.4 Identification of components
- 5.3.5 Identification of circuits
- 5.3.6 Warning signs
- 5.3.7 Spaces about electrical equipment
- + 5.3.8 Grounding and bonding
- 5.3.8.1 Maintenance
- 5.3.8.2 Testing and inspection
- 5.3.9 Safety equipment
- + 5.3.10 Life safety systems
- 5.3.10.1 Monitoring and maintenance
- 5.3.10.2 Functional testing
- 5.3.11 Electrical cables and single and multipl...
- 5.3.12 Overhead line clearances
- + 5.4 Specific maintenance requirements
- + 5.4.1 Protective devices
- 5.4.1.1 Maintenance
- 5.4.1.2 Testing time current characteristics
- 5.4.1.3 Testing frequency and type
- 5.4.1.4 Review of settings and ratings
- 5.4.2 Overcurrent relays
- + 5.4.3 Fuses
- 5.4.3.1 Modification of fuseholders for current...
- 5.4.3.2 Modification of non-current-limiting fu...
- 5.4.3.3 Maintenance program
- + 5.4.4 Arc flash relays
- 5.4.4.1 Testing
- 5.4.4.1.1 General
- 5.4.4.1.2 Light sensing and controls and curren...
- 5.4.4.2 Review of settings
- 5.4.4.3 Light sensor maintenance
- 5.4.5 Ground fault devices and systems
- + 5.4.6 Disconnecting means
- 5.4.6.1 General
- 5.4.6.2 Switches
- 5.4.6.3 Key interlocks
- 5.4.6.4 Circuit breakers and motor control cent...
- + 5.4.7 Capacitors
- 5.4.7.1 Prior to maintenance
- 5.4.7.2 Testing of capacitor discharge resistor...
- 5.4.8 Control equipment
- 5.4.9 Equipment in hazardous locations
- + 5.4.10 Batteries and battery rooms
- 5.4.10.1 Ventilation
- 5.4.10.1.1 Examination and maintenance
- 5.4.10.1.2 Functional testing
- 5.4.10.2 Eye and body wash apparatus
- 5.4.10.3 Cell ventilation and cell flame arrest...
- 5.4.10.3.1 Ventilation openings
- 5.4.10.3.2 Inspection
- + 6 Safety requirements for special equipment
- + 6.1 General
- 6.1.1 Purpose
- 6.1.2 Responsibility
- 6.1.2.1 Employer responsibility
- 6.1.2.2 Worker responsibility
- + 6.2 Direct current (dc) electrical hazards
- 6.2.1 General
- 6.2.2 DC electrical hazard thresholds
- + 6.3 Capacitor electrical hazards
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Stored energy hazard thresholds
- + 6.3.3 Specific measures for personnel safety
- 6.3.3.1 Qualifications and training
- 6.3.3.2 Performing a risk assessment for capaci...
- 6.3.3.2.1 Process
- 6.3.3.2.2 Protective measures
- 6.3.3.2.3 PPE and hazards
- + 6.3.4 Establishing an electrically safe work co...
- 6.3.4.1 Written procedure
- 6.3.4.2 Safe work practices
- + 6.3.5 Ground or shorting sticks
- 6.3.5.1 General
- 6.3.5.2 Visual inspection
- 6.3.5.3 Electrical testing
- 6.3.5.4 Storage and removal
- 6.3.5.5 Hand guard distance
- 6.3.5.6 Dielectric PPE
- 6.3.5.7 Conductive point distance
- + 6.4 Electrical hazards 1 Hz to 110 MHz (Excludi...
- 6.4.1 General
- 6.4.2 Electric hazard thresholds
- + 6.4.3 Specific measures for personnel safety
- 6.4.3.1 Employer and worker responsibilities
- 6.4.3.2 Test instruments
- 6.4.3.3 Use of dielectric PPE
- 6.4.3.4 Workers exposed to EM hazards
- 6.5 Electrical hazards for mixed frequencies [R...
- + 6.6 Safety-related work practices for electroly...
- + 6.6.1 General
- 6.6.1.1 Applications covered
- 6.6.1.2 Applications not covered
- + 6.6.2 Safety training
- 6.6.2.1 Cell line working zone supplementary tr...
- 6.6.2.2 Training objectives
- 6.6.2.2.1 Specific electrical hazards
- 6.6.2.2.2 Safety-related work practices
- + 6.6.3 Worker training
- 6.6.3.1 Qualified persons
- 6.6.3.2 Unqualified persons
- 6.6.3.2.1 Training
- 6.6.3.2.2 Cell line working zone
- + 6.6.4 Safeguarding of workers in the cell line ...
- 6.6.4.1 General
- 6.6.4.1.1 Approach distances
- 6.6.4.1.2 Safeguards
- 6.6.4.1.3 Consistency
- 6.6.4.1.4 Battery effect voltages
- 6.6.4.2 Signs
- 6.6.4.3 Arc flash risk assessment
- 6.6.4.3.1 General
- 6.6.4.3.2 Arc flash risk assessment procedure
- 6.6.4.3.2.1 Analysis of each task
- 6.6.4.3.2.2 Protection from injury
- 6.6.4.3.3 Routine tasks
- 6.6.4.3.3.1 Arc flash risk assessment
- 6.6.4.3.3.2 Use of arc flash risk assessment
- 6.6.4.3.4 Non-routine tasks
- 6.6.4.3.4.1 Arc flash risk assessment
- 6.6.4.3.4.2 Arc flash hazard assessment
- 6.6.4.3.5 Safeguards for arc flash hazards
- 6.6.4.4 Safeguards
- 6.6.4.4.1 General
- 6.6.4.4.2 Insulation
- 6.6.4.4.3 Personal protective equipment
- 6.6.4.4.3.1 General
- 6.6.4.4.3.2 Personal protective equipment
- 6.6.4.4.3.3 Testing of personal protective equi...
- 6.6.4.4.4 Barriers
- 6.6.4.4.5 Voltage equalization
- 6.6.4.4.6 Isolation
- 6.6.4.5 Safe work practices
- 6.6.4.5.1 General
- 6.6.4.5.1.1 Worker training
- 6.6.4.5.1.2 Explanation of differences
- 6.6.4.5.1.3 Safe work practices
- 6.6.4.5.1.4 Attitude awareness
- 6.6.4.5.1.5 Safety equipment
- 6.6.4.5.1.6 Jewelry and metal accessories
- 6.6.4.5.2 Tools
- 6.6.4.5.3 Portable cut-out switches
- 6.6.4.5.3.1 Considered energized
- 6.6.4.5.3.2 Procedures
- 6.6.4.5.4 Cranes and hoists
- 6.6.4.5.5 Attachments
- 6.6.4.5.6 Pacemakers and metallic implants
- 6.6.4.5.7 Testing
- + 6.6.5 Portable tools and equipment
- 6.6.5.1 General
- 6.6.5.1.1 Battery powered
- 6.6.5.1.2 Other power sources
- 6.6.5.2 Portable electrical equipment
- 6.6.5.2.1 Grounding
- 6.6.5.2.2 Portable electrical equipment
- 6.6.5.3 Auxiliary non-electric connections
- 6.6.5.3.1 Auxiliary non-electric connections
- 6.6.5.3.2 Pneumatic tools
- 6.6.5.4 Welding machines
- 6.6.5.4.1 Welding machine frames
- 6.6.5.4.2 Grounding
- 6.6.5.4.3 Barricades
- 6.6.5.5 Portable test equipment
- + 6.6.6 Maintenance of electrolytic cells
- 6.6.6.1 General
- 6.6.6.2 Ground faults
- + 6.7 Safety requirements related to batteries an...
- 6.7.1 General
- + 6.7.2 Safety procedures
- 6.7.2.1 Exposure Levels
- 6.7.2.2 Battery risk assessment
- 6.7.2.3 Battery chemical risk assessment
- 6.7.2.3.1 Estimate of Likelihood and Severity
- Note: Many batteries are sealed, preventing th...
- 6.7.2.3.2 Additional Protective Measures
- Notes
- 1 ) See ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 for guidelines for t...
- 2 ) Where electrolyte is pumped or otherwise ...
- 6.7.2.4 Battery contact thermal risk assessment...
- 6.7.2.4.1 Estimate of Likelihood and Severity
- Notes:
- 2 ) Electrical measurements with undamaged, i...
- 6.7.2.4.2 Additional Protective Measures
- Note: The PPE for contact thermal hazards migh...
- 6.7.2.5 Battery shock risk assessment
- 6.7.2.5.1 Estimate of Likelihood and Severity
- Note
- 6.7.2.5.2 Additional Protective Measures
- 6.7.2.6 Battery arc flash risk assessment
- 6.7.2.6.1 General
- 6.7.2.6.2 Estimate of Likelihood and Severity
- 6.7.2.6.3 Additional Protective Measures.
- 6.7.2.7 Battery rooms or battery enclosures
- 6.7.2.7.1 Personnel access to energized batteri...
- 6.7.2.7.2 Illumination
- 6.7.2.8 Apparel
- 6.7.2.9 Abnormal battery conditions
- 6.7.2.10 Warning signs
- + 6.7.3 Establishing a lower risk work condition ...
- 6.7.3.1 General
- 6.7.3.1.1 Procedures
- 6.7.3.1.2 Work Plans
- 6.7.3.1.3 Risk Reduction Methods
- 6.7.3.2 Battery Sectionalizing Principles
- 6.7.3.2.1 Persons Involved
- 6.7.3.2.2 Battery Charger Mode
- 6.7.3.2.3 Lockout
- 6.7.3.2.4 Battery Disconnect
- 6.7.3.2.5 Control Devices
- 6.7.3.2.6 Procedure
- 6.7.3.2.7 Disconnecting Means
- 6.7.3.2.8 Circuit Elements
- 6.7.3.2.9 Forms of Control
- 6.7.3.3 Battery Sectionalizing Equipment
- 6.7.3.3.1 Requirements
- 6.7.3.3.2 Non-Unique Circuit Elements
- 6.7.3.4 Battery Sectionalizing Procedure
- 6.7.3.4.1 General
- 6.7.3.4.2 Simple Battery Sectionalizing Procedu...
- 6.7.3.4.3 Complex Battery Sectionalizing Proced...
- 6.7.3.5 Elements of Control
- 6.7.3.5.1 General
- 6.7.3.5.2 Testing
- 6.7.3.5.3 Process for Establishing and Verifyin...
- 6.7.3.5.4 Initial Assembly, Installation, or Re...
- + 6.8 Safety-related work practices: electrical d...
- 6.8.1 General
- 6.8.2 Exposure levels
- + 6.8.3 Specific measures for personnel safety
- 6.8.3.1 Qualification and training
- 6.8.3.2 Performing a risk assessment for EDLCs
- 6.8.3.2.1 Process
- 6.8.3.2.2 Protective measures
- 6.8.3.2.3 Electric hazards
- 6.8.3.2.4 PPE
- + 6.8.4 Establishing an electrically safe work co...
- 6.8.4.1 Written procedure
- 6.8.4.1.1 Documentation
- 6.8.4.1.2 Risk assessment
- 6.8.4.2 Required discharge and test method
- 6.8.4.2.1 EDLC discharge
- 6.8.4.2.2 Discharge method
- 6.8.4.2.3 Residual charge
- 6.8.4.3 Storage and transport
- 6.8.4.3.1 (1) Uninstalled capacitors
- 6.8.4.3.2 Charged capacitors
- + 6.9 Safety-related practices for photovoltaic s...
- 6.9.1 General
- 6.9.2 Exposure Levels
- + 6.9.3 Electrical Safety Training
- 6.9.3.1 Application of Training Requirements
- 6.9.3.2 Qualified Person Training
- 6.9.4 Qualified Person
- 6.9.5 PV Risk Assessment
- + 6.9.6 Specific Work Procedures
- 6.9.6.1 Job Safety Plan
- 6.9.6.2 Conductor Manipulation
- 6.9.6.3 Plugging and Unplugging Connectors
- + 6.10 Safety-related work requirements for resea...
- 6.10.1 General
- 6.10.2 Applicability of this Standard
- + 6.10.3 Establishment of an electrical safety au...
- 6.10.3.1 General
- 6.10.3.2 Responsibility
- 6.10.3.3 Qualifications
- + 6.10.4 Specific measures and controls for perso...
- 6.10.4.1 General
- 6.10.4.2 Job briefings
- 6.10.4.3 Personnel protection
- 6.10.5 Approval
- + 6.10.6 Custom built, non-approved research equi...
- 6.10.6.1 Equipment marking
- 6.10.6.2 Documentation
- 6.10.6.3 Shutdown procedures
- 6.10.6.4 Specific hazards
- 6.10.6.5 Approvals
- 6.10.6.6 Tools, training, and maintenance
- 6.10.7 Custom built, unlisted research equipmen...
- 6.10.8 Electrical hazard thresholds
- 6.10.9 Establishing an electrically safe work c...
- + Annex A (informative)
- A.1 General
- Table A.1
- + Annex B (informative)
- B.1 General
- B.2 Maintenance, protective device operating ti...
- B.3 Electrical maintenance management system
- B.4 Maintenance standards
- Figure B.1
- + B.5 Assessing the condition of maintenance
- B.5.1 Introduction
- B.5.2 Assessing the risk
- B.5.3 Visual inspection
- B.5.4 Periodic testing and inspection
- B.5.5 Permanently installed monitoring
- B.5.6 Predictive techniques
- + B.5.7 Maintenance history
- B.5.7.1 General
- B.5.7.2 Labels
- B.5.7.3 Digital and other electronic methods
- B.5.8 Standard for electrical equipment mainten...
- + Annex C (informative)
- + C.1 Preparation for approach
- C.1.1 Hazard awareness
- C.1.2 Unqualified persons — Safe approach dista...
- + C.1.3 Qualified persons — Safe approach distanc...
- C.1.3.1 Arc flash boundary
- C.1.3.2 Limited approach boundary
- C.1.3.3 Restricted approach boundary
- Figure C.1
- + C.2 Basis for the distance values specified in ...
- C.2.1 General
- Table C.1
- C.2.2 Column 1
- C.2.3 Column 2
- C.2.4 Column 3
- C.2.5 Column 4
- + Annex D (informative)
- D.1 General
- Table D.1
- + D.2 Ralph Lee calculation method
- D.2.1 Basic equations for calculating arc flash...
- Table D.2
- D.2.2 Single-line diagram of a typical petroche...
- Figure D.1
- D.2.3 Sample calculation
- D.2.4 Calculation of incident energy exposure g...
- + D.3 Doughty et al. paper
- + D.3.1 Calculation of incident energy exposure
- D.3.1.1 General
- D.3.1.2 Arc in open air
- D.3.1.3 Arc in a cubic box
- D.4 IEEE 1584 calculation method
- + D.5 DC incident energy calculations
- D.5.1 Maximum power method
- D.5.2 Detailed arcing current and energy calcul...
- D.5.3 Short-circuit current
- + Annex E (informative)
- E.1 Typical electrical safety program principle...
- E.2 Typical electrical safety program controls
- E.3 Typical electrical safety program procedure...
- F.1 Introduction to risk management
- Figure F.1
- F.2 Relationship to an OHSMS
- F.3 Occupational health and safety (OHS) risk m...
- Table F.1
- Table F.2
- F.4 OHS risk assessment
- Figure F.2
- F.5 Hierarchy of risk control methods
- Table F.3
- + F.6 Hazard-based versus task-based risk assessm...
- F.6.1 Hazard-based approach
- F.6.2 Task-based approach
- F.6.3 Application
- + F.7 Risk assessment methods
- F.7.1 General
- F.7.2 Subjective versus objective
- Figure F.3
- Figure F.4
- + F.8 Objective shock hazard risk assessment
- F.8.1 Estimation of likelihood of occurrence of...
- F.8.2 Estimation of severity of harm
- F.8.3 Evaluation of the level of risk
- + F.9 Objective arc flash hazard risk assessment
- F.9.1 Estimation of likelihood of occurrence of...
- F.9.2 Estimation of severity of harm
- F.9.3 Evaluation of the level of risk
- Figure F.6
- Table F.4
- Figure F.7
- F.10 Battery risk assessment
- Figure F.8
- + Annex G (informative)
- G.1 Introduction
- G.2 EV batteries
- G.3 EV emergency response
- + G.4 EV hazards
- + G.4.1 EV shock hazards
- G.4.1.1 EV shock hazards associated with fire e...
- G.4.2 EV Arc flash hazards
- G.4.3 EV Contact thermal hazards
- G.4.4 EV chemical hazards
- G.4.5 EV Battery thermal runaway and fire hazar...
- G.4.6 Toxic gas exposure and explosion
- G.5 Training for qualified persons
- + G.6 Reference documents
- G.6.1 Safety standards
- Table G.1
- G.6.2 Safe work practice guidelines
- Table G.2
- G.6.3 White papers
- Table G.3
- + Annex H (informative)
- H.1 Arc-rated clothing and other personal prote...
- H.2 Simplified two-level clothing approach for ...
- Table H.1
- H.3 Arc-rated clothing and other personal prote...
- Table H.2
- + H.4 Conformity assessment of PPE
- H.4.1 Introduction
- H.4.2 Level of conformity
- H.4.3 Equivalence
- H.4.4 Supplier’s declaration of conformity
- Figure H.1
- + Annex I (informative)
- Figure I.1
- Figure I.2
- + Annex J (informative)
- Figure J.1
- Figure J.2
- + Annex K (informative)
- K.1 General
- K.2 Electric shock
- + K.3 Arc flash
- K.3.1 General
- K.3.2 Thermal energy
- K.3.3 Mechanical energy (sudden pressure releas...
- K.3.4 Arc blast (as applied to capacitors)
- K.3.5 Acoustic (sonic) energy
- K.3.6 Light energy
- K.5 Additional information
- + Annex L (informative)
- L.1 Application of safeguards
- L.2 Nonelectrical hazards for consideration
- L.3 Electrical power receptacles
- + Annex M (informative)
- M.1 Layering of arc-rated protective clothing
- + M.2 Total system arc rating
- M.2.1 General
- M.2.2 Determining the total system arc rating
- M.2.3 Arc rating of face and head protection wh...
- + M.3 Layering using arc-rated clothing over natu...
- M.3.1 Ignition of natural-fibre underlayers
- M.3.2 Burn injuries from ignition of natural-fi...
- + Annex N (informative)
- N.1 Introduction
- N.2 Overhead power line policy
- N.3 Policy
- + N.4 Procedures
- N.4.1 General
- N.4.2 Raising and lowering of tools, materials,...
- + N.4.3 High-risk tasks
- N.4.3.1 Heavy mobile equipment
- N.4.3.2 Aerial lifts, cranes, and boom devices
- N.4.3.3 Tree work
- N.4.3.4 Radio frequency hazards
- N.4.4 Underground electrical lines and equipmen...
- N.4.5 Vehicles with loads in excess of a height...
- N.4.6 Emergency response plan
- + Annex O (informative)
- + O.1 Introduction
- O.1.1 General
- O.1.2 Application
- O.1.3 Exclusions
- + O.2 General design considerations
- O.2.1 Risk assessment
- O.2.2 Risk reduction
- O.2.3 Incident energy reduction
- O.2.4 Additional safety by design methods
- + Annex P (informative)
- P.1 Introduction
- P.2 Planning and elements of switching
- P.3 Switching hazards and other considerations
- P.4 Example switching procedure and isolation p...
- Figure P.1
- Figure P.2
- + Annex Q (informative)
- Q.1 General
- Q.2 Arc flash and shock hazard warning label
- Figure Q.1
- Q.3 Electrical hazard information label
- Figure Q.2
- Q.4 Detailed electrical hazard information labe...
- Figure Q.3
- + Annex R (informative)
- R.1 Introduction
- + R.2 General considerations
- R.2.1 General
- Figure R.1
- R.2.2 Limits of approach
- + R.2.3 Equipotential bonding and grounding pract...
- R.2.3.1 Facility ground and bonding systems
- R.2.3.2 Safe work planning
- R.2.3.3 Work practices
- R.2.4 Open air equipment incident energy estima...
- Table R.1
- Table R.2
- R.2.5 Specialized tools and equipment
- + R.3 Specific equipment safety considerations
- R.3.1 General
- R.3.2 Grounding
- R.3.3 Disconnects and fuses
- R.3.4 Circuit breakers
- R.3.5 Metering equipment
- + R.3.6 Oil-filled transformers
- R.3.6.1 General
- R.3.6.2 Working around energized oil-filled tra...
- R.3.6.3 Working around de-energized transformer...
- R.3.7 Relaying protection
- R.3.8 Cable vaults
- R.3.9 Other substation equipment
- + Annex S (informative)
- S.1 General
- S.2 Triboelectric effect
- S.3 Electrostatic discharge injuries
- S.4 General electrostatic discharge control met...
- + Annex T (informative)
- T.1 General
- T.2 Components
- + T.3 Application of temporary protective grounds...
- T.3.1 General
- T.3.2 Pre-use inspection
- T.3.3 General application procedures
- T.3.4 Testing
- T.3.5 Guidance for selection of conductor sizes...
- Table T.1
- + Annex U (informative)
- U.1 Introduction
- U.2 Principles of human performance
- U.3 Information processing and attention
- + U.4 Human performance modes and associated erro...
- + U.4.1 Rule-based human performance mode
- U.4.1.1 General
- U.4.1.2 Rule-based human performance mode error...
- + U.4.2 Knowledge-based human performance mode
- U.4.2.1 General
- U.4.2.2 Knowledge-based human performance mode ...
- + U.4.3 Skill-based human performance mode
- U.4.3.1 General
- U.4.3.2 Skill-based human performance mode erro...
- U.5 Error precursors
- U.6 Risk assessment and human performance
- + U.7 Human performance tools
- U.7.1 Application
- U.7.2 Job planning and pre-job briefing tool (...
- U.7.3 Job site review tool
- U.7.4 Post-job review tool
- U.7.5 Procedure use and adherence tool
- U.7.6 Self-check with verbalization tool
- U.7.7 Three-way communication tool
- U.7.8 Stop when unsure tool
- U.7.9 Flagging and blocking tools (see Clause 4...
- + U.8 Human performance warning flags
- U.8.1 General
- U.8.2 Program or process
- U.8.3 Organizational performance
- U.8.4 Supervisory performance
- U.8.5 Worker performance
- + U.9 Workplace culture
- U.9.1 U.8.1 General
- U.9.2 Workers
- U.9.3 Supervisors and managers
- U.9.4 The organization
- U.9.5 Coaching culture
- Table U.1
- + Annex V (normative)
- V.1 General
- + V.2 Alternating current (ac) equipment
- V.2.1 General
- V.2.2 Table V.1
- V.2.3 Table V.2
- + V.3 Direct current (dc) equipment
- V.3.1 General
- V.3.2 Table V.3
- + V.4 Protective clothing and personal protective...
- V.4.1 PPE selection table
- V.4.2 PPE use
- V.4.3 Other PPE or additional PPE
- Figure V.1
- Figure V.2
- Table V.1
- Table V.2
- Table V.3
- + Annex W (informative)
- W.1 Introduction
- + W.2 Qualifications and training
- W.2.1 Qualifications
- W.2.2 Unqualified persons
- + W.3 Shock hazard
- W.3.1 General
- Figure W.1 a)
- Figure W.1 b)
- W.3.2 Duration of discharge
- W.3.3 Current delivered
- W.3.4 Shock pathway
- W.3.5 Response to shock levels
- W.3.6 Reflex hazard
- W.3.7 Shock hazard thresholds
- + W.4 Short-circuit hazard
- W.4.1 General
- W.4.2 Thermal hazard
- W.4.3 Arc flash hazard
- W.4.4 Arc blast hazard
- + W.5 Internal rupture
- W.5.1 High currents
- W.5.2 Internal failure
- W.5.3 Fire hazard
- + W.6 Performing a risk assessment for capacitors...
- W.6.1 Annex F
- W.6.2 Exposure to stored energy
- W.6.3 Determining shock hazard
- W.6.4 Determining total stored energy
- W.6.5 Determining arc flash
- W.6.6 Determining arc blast hazard
- W.6.7 Determine the test and grounding method
- W.6.8 Determining discharge time
- W.6.9 Written discharge procedure
- W.6.10 Labelling
- + W.7 Determining the shock hazard
- W.7.1 Risk assessment
- W.7.2 Shock PPE
- + W.8 Determining capacitor stored energy
- W.8.1 Capacitor stored energy
- W.8.2 Stored energy calculation
- W.8.3 Capacitor calculations
- + W.8.4 Voltage
- W.8.4.1 Peak voltage
- W.8.4.2 DC systems
- W.8.4.3 AC systems
- + W.9 Determining the arc flash hazard
- W.9.1 Incident energy
- W.9.2 Arc flash boundary
- + W.10 Determining the arc blast hazard
- W.10.1 Hazard
- W.10.2 Above 122 kJ
- W.10.3 Above 448 kJ
- + W.11 Selecting the appropriate test and groundi...
- W.11.1 Method selection
- + W.11.2 Bleed systems
- W.11.2.1 Testing for absence of voltage
- W.11.2.2 Below 1000 V and 10 kJ
- W.11.2.3 Above 1000 V and below 100 J
- W.11.2.4 Above 1000 V and between 100 J and 100...
- W.11.2.5 Above 100 kJ
- W.11.3 Hard grounding
- W.11.4 Soft grounding
- W.11.5 End of discharge time
- W.11.6 Resistor connection point
- W.11.7 Lung protection boundary
- W.11.8 Ground sticks
- W.11.9 Use of table for method selection
- Table W.1
- Figure W.3 a)
- Figure W.3 b)
- W.11.10 Other considerations
- + W.12 Determining the capacitor discharge time
- W.12.1 Discharge time
- W.12.2 Voltages 1000 V and less
- W.12.3 Voltages greater than 1000 V
- + W.13 Establishing an electrically safe work con...
- W.13.1 Written discharge procedure
- W.13.2 Electrically safe work condition
- + W.14 Storage and disposal
- W.14.1 Residual charge
- W.14.2 Stored capacitors
- W.14.3 Capacitors without shorting wire
- W.14.4 Change in initial capacitance
- + W.15 Capacitor hazard labelling
- W.15.1 Labelling
- W.15.2 Labeling requirements
- + W.16 Ground sticks
- W.16.1 Use of ground sticks
- W.16.2 Construction
- W.16.3 Installation
- W.16.4 Visual inspection
- W.16.5 Biennial testing (every two years)
- W.17 Bibliography
- + Annex X (informative)
- X.1 Introduction
- + X.2 Elimination of arc blast risk
- X.2.1 Porous Electrodes
- X.2.2 Double Layer Charge Separation
- X.2.3 Cell Voltage
- Annex Y (informative)
- + Annex Z (informative)
- Z.1 Request for proposal
- Z.2 Proposal content
- Z.3 Proposal submission to the Technical Commit...
- Z.4 Proposal review
- Z.5 Proposal acceptance
- Figure Z.1
1 Scope
1.1 General
This Standard specifies requirements for workplace electrical safety necessary for the practical safeguarding of workers during activities such as the installation, removal, inspection, operation, maintenance, and demolition of electric conductors and electric equipment, as well as work in proximity of energized electrical equipment.
1.2 Application
While it can be applied by organizations of any type or size, this Standard does not cover
installations in ships, watercraft other than floating buildings, railway rolling stock, aircraft, and automotive vehicles other than mobile homes and recreational vehicles;
installations of railways for the generation, transformation, transmission, or distribution of power used exclusively for operation of rolling stock or installations used exclusively for signalling and communications;
installations of communications equipment under the exclusive control of communications utilities located outdoors or in building spaces used exclusively for such installations; and
installations under the exclusive control of an electric utility when such installations
consist of service drops or service laterals, and associated metering;
are located in legally established easements or rights-of-way designated or recognized by public service commissions, utility commissions, or other regulatory agencies having jurisdiction for such installations; or
are on property owned or leased by the electric utility for communications or for metering, generation, control, transformation, transmission, or distribution of electric energy.
1.3 Suitability
It is the responsibility of the users of this Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose (see Note 2 to the Preface).
1.4 Use with related standards and regulations
This Standard is intended for use with Parts I, II, and III of the Canadian Electrical Code and other related Canadian workplace electrical safety standards (e.g., CSA M421 and CSA Z460), and should be used with such standards. In addition, users of this Standard should always refer to provincial, territorial, and federal safety regulations that have jurisdiction over their work facility, contract job site, or profession.
1.5 Organization of this Standard
The requirements of this Standard are organized in three main clauses (Clauses 4 to 6) and one Annex (Annex V), as shown in Figure 1. Annexes A to U, W, and X do not specify requirements and are included for information only.
1.6 Measurements
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
1.7 Terminology
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
Figure 1
Organization of this Standard
(See Clause 1.5.)
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