Draft Details
- Welded steel construction (New Edition)
- DRAFT STANDARD
- Legal Notice for Draft Standards
- Preface
- + 1 Scope
- 1.1
- 1.2
- 1.3
- 1.4
- 1.5
- 1.6
- 1.7
- 1.8
- 1.9
- 1.10
- + 2 Reference publications and definitions
- 2.1 Reference publications
- + 2.2 Definitions
- 2.2.1
- 2.2.2
- + 3 General requirements
- + 3.1 Qualification requirements
- 3.1.1 Contractor
- + 3.1.2 Welding processes
- 3.1.2.1
- 3.1.2.2
- + 3.1.3 Welding procedures — Conditions of prequa...
- 3.1.3.1
- 3.1.3.2
- 3.1.3.3
- 3.1.4 Selection of type of groove and welding p...
- + 3.1.5 Welding procedures – Requirements for wel...
- 3.1.5.1
- 3.1.5.2
- 3.1.5.3
- + 3.2 Base metal
- 3.2.1 General
- 3.2.2 CSA G40.21
- 3.2.3 ASTM Standards
- 3.2.4 API Standards
- 3.2.5 ABS Standards
- 3.2.6 IACS Standards
- 3.2.7 Lloyds Standards
- 3.3 Welding terminology
- 3.4 Symbols
- + 4 Design of welded connections
- + 4.1 General requirements
- + 4.1.1 Documents
- + 4.1.1.1 Design documents
- 4.1.1.1.1
- 4.1.1.1.2
- 4.1.1.1.3
- 4.1.1.1.4
- 4.1.1.1.5
- 4.1.1.1.6
- + 4.1.1.2 Fabrication and erection documents
- 4.1.1.2.1
- 4.1.1.2.2
- 4.1.1.2.3
- 4.1.1.2.4
- 4.1.1.2.5
- + 4.1.2 Lamellar tearing
- 4.1.2.1
- 4.1.2.2
- + 4.1.3 Requirements for welds
- + 4.1.3.1 Types of welds
- 4.1.3.1.1
- 4.1.3.1.2
- 4.1.3.1.3
- 4.1.3.1.4
- + 4.1.3.2 Continuity of welds
- 4.1.3.2.1
- 4.1.3.2.2
- 4.1.3.2.3
- 4.1.3.2.4
- + 4.1.3.3 Use of welds
- 4.1.3.3.1
- 4.1.3.3.2
- 4.1.3.3.3
- 4.1.3.3.4
- 4.2 Design values
- + 4.3 Effective weld area, length, throat, and fi...
- + 4.3.1 Groove welds
- 4.3.1.1 Effective weld area
- 4.3.1.2 Effective weld length
- 4.3.1.3 Effective throat for complete joint pen...
- 4.3.1.4 Effective throat for partial joint pene...
- 4.3.1.5 Effective throat for partial joint pene...
- + 4.3.1.6 Flare groove welds
- + 4.3.1.6.1 Flare bevel groove welds in butt join...
- 4.3.1.6.1.1
- 4.3.1.6.1.2
- 4.3.1.6.1.3
- 4.3.1.6.1.4
- 4.3.1.6.1.5
- 4.3.1.6.1.6
- + 4.3.1.6.2 Flare bevel groove welds in T-joints
- 4.3.1.6.2.1
- 4.3.1.6.2.2
- 4.3.1.6.2.3
- 4.3.1.6.2.4
- 4.3.1.6.2.5
- 4.3.1.6.2.6
- 4.3.1.6.2.7
- 4.3.1.6.2.8
- + 4.3.1.6.3 Flare V-groove welds in butt joints
- 4.3.1.6.3.1
- 4.3.1.6.3.2
- 4.3.1.6.3.3
- 4.3.1.6.3.4
- 4.3.1.6.3.5
- + 4.3.2 Fillet welds
- 4.3.2.1
- 4.3.2.2
- 4.3.2.3
- 4.3.2.4
- 4.3.2.5
- 4.3.3 Plug and slot welds
- + 4.3.4 Minimum groove depth for partial joint pe...
- + 4.3.4.1 Partial joint penetration groove welds
- 4.3.4.1.1
- 4.3.4.1.2
- + 4.3.4.2 Fillet welds
- 4.3.4.2.1
- 4.3.4.2.2
- + 4.4 Details of fillet, plug, and slot welds
- + 4.4.1 Fillet weld details
- 4.4.1.1
- 4.4.1.2
- 4.4.1.3
- + 4.4.2 Plug and slot weld details
- 4.4.2.1
- 4.4.2.2
- 4.4.2.3
- + 4.5 Welds in skewed joints
- 4.5.1
- 4.5.2
- 4.5.3
- 4.5.4
- 4.5.5
- 4.5.6
- 4.5.7
- 4.5.8
- + 4.6 Fillers
- 4.6.1
- 4.6.2
- 4.6.3
- + 4.7 Seal welds
- 4.7.1
- 4.7.2
- 4.7.3
- + 4.8 Welds in hollow section connections:
- 4.8.1
- + 4.8.2
- Table 4.1
- Table 4.2
- Table 4.3
- Table 4.4
- Table 4.5
- Table 4.6
- Figure 4.1
- Figure 4.2
- Figure 4.3
- Figure 4.4
- Figure 4.5
- Figure 4.6
- Figure 4.7
- Figure 4.8
- Figure 4.9
- Figure 4.10
- Figure 4.11
- Figure 4.12
- + 5 Electrodes, workmanship, and technique
- + 5.1 General
- 5.1.1
- 5.1.2
- 5.1.3
- 5.1.4
- + 5.2 Electrodes
- + 5.2.1 General
- 5.2.1.1
- 5.2.1.2
- 5.2.1.3
- 5.2.1.4
- 5.2.1.5
- 5.2.1.6
- 5.2.1.7
- + 5.2.2 Electrodes for SMAW
- 5.2.2.1 Requirements for SMAW electrodes
- 5.2.2.2 Use of non-low hydrogen SMAW electrodes...
- 5.2.2.3 Diffusible hydrogen designators for SMA...
- + 5.2.2.4 Storage and conditioning of electrodes
- + 5.2.2.4.1 Low-hydrogen electrodes
- 5.2.2.4.1.1
- 5.2.2.4.1.2
- 5.2.2.4.1.3
- 5.2.2.4.1.4
- 5.2.2.4.1.5
- 5.2.2.4.1.6
- + 5.2.2.4.2 Non-low-hydrogen electrodes
- 5.2.2.4.2.1
- 5.2.2.4.2.2
- + 5.2.3 Electrodes and fluxes for SAW
- 5.2.3.1 Requirements for SAW electrodes and flu...
- 5.2.3.2 Diffusible hydrogen designators for SAW...
- 5.2.3.3 Alternative diffusible hydrogen designa...
- 5.2.3.4 Condition of SAW electrodes
- 5.2.3.5 Storage and conditioning of SAW fluxes
- + 5.2.4 Electrodes and shielding gas for GMAW, GT...
- 5.2.4.1 Requirements for mild steel filler meta...
- 5.2.4.2 Requirements for low-alloy steel filler...
- 5.2.4.3 Diffusible hydrogen designators for FCA...
- 5.2.4.4 Alternative diffusible hydrogen designa...
- 5.2.4.5 Diffusible hydrogen designators for GMA...
- 5.2.4.6 Condition of filler metals and electrod...
- 5.2.4.7
- + 5.2.5 Electrodes, fluxes, and gases for electro...
- 5.2.5.1 Qualification requirements
- 5.2.5.2 Condition of electrodes
- 5.2.5.3 Storage and conditioning of fluxes
- 5.2.5.4 Positioning materials
- + 5.3 Preparation of material
- 5.3.1 Surface conditions
- 5.3.2 Joint preparation
- 5.3.3 Roughness requirements
- 5.3.4 Notch limitations
- + 5.3.5 Inspection and repair of planar edge disc...
- 5.3.5.1
- 5.3.5.2
- 5.3.5.3
- 5.3.5.4
- 5.3.5.5
- 5.3.5.6
- 5.3.5.7
- 5.3.5.8
- 5.3.6 Re-entrant corners
- 5.3.7 Beam copes and weld access holes
- 5.3.8 Weld access hole dimensions
- 5.3.9 Group 4 and 5 shapes
- 5.3.10 Camber
- 5.3.11 Correction of camber
- + 5.4 Assembly
- 5.4.1 Fillet weld assembly
- 5.4.2 Faying surfaces
- 5.4.3 PJP groove weld assembly
- 5.4.4 Groove weld assembly
- + 5.4.5 Workmanship tolerances
- 5.4.5.1
- 5.4.5.2
- 5.4.6 Alignment
- + 5.4.7 Tack welds
- 5.4.7.1
- 5.4.7.2
- 5.4.7.3
- 5.4.8 Temporary welds
- + 5.4.9 Backing
- 5.4.9.1
- 5.4.9.2
- 5.4.9.3
- 5.4.10 Seal welds
- 5.4.11 Mislocated holes and slots
- + 5.5 Details of welding procedures
- + 5.5.1 General
- 5.5.1.1 Material for extension bars, run-off pl...
- 5.5.1.2 Material for spacers
- 5.5.1.3 Termination of groove welds
- 5.5.1.4 Groove weld backing
- 5.5.1.5 Groove welds in horizontal position
- 5.5.1.6 Depth to width ratio of weld passes
- 5.5.1.7 Welding quenched and tempered steels
- 5.5.1.8 Combination of welding processes
- 5.5.1.9 Position of welding
- 5.5.2 Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)
- + 5.5.3 Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- + 5.5.3.1 General
- 5.5.3.1.1
- 5.5.3.1.2
- 5.5.3.1.3
- 5.5.3.1.4
- + 5.5.3.2 Procedures for welding with single elec...
- 5.5.3.2.1
- 5.5.3.2.2
- + 5.5.3.3 Procedures for welding with parallel el...
- 5.5.3.3.1
- 5.5.3.3.2
- + 5.5.3.4 Procedures for welding with tandem elec...
- 5.5.3.4.1
- 5.5.3.4.2
- + 5.5.4 Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), gas tungste...
- 5.5.4.1
- 5.5.4.2
- 5.5.4.3
- + 5.5.5 Electroslag welding (ESW) and electrogas ...
- 5.5.5.1
- 5.5.5.2
- 5.5.5.3
- 5.5.5.4
- 5.5.5.5
- 5.5.5.6
- 5.5.5.7
- 5.5.5.8
- + 5.6 Control of distortion and shrinkage stresse...
- 5.6.1
- 5.6.2
- 5.6.3
- 5.6.4
- 5.6.5
- 5.6.6
- 5.6.7
- + 5.7 Preheat, interpass temperature, and heat in...
- + 5.7.1 Preheat and interpass temperatures
- 5.7.1.1 Interpass temperature for cast steels
- + 5.7.2 Reduction of preheat temperatures
- 5.7.2.1
- 5.7.2.2
- 5.7.2.3
- 5.8 Dimensional tolerances
- + 5.9 Profile of welds
- 5.9.1
- 5.9.2
- 5.9.3
- 5.9.4
- 5.9.5
- 5.9.6
- + 5.10 Corrections
- 5.10.1
- 5.10.2
- 5.10.3
- 5.10.4
- 5.10.5
- 5.11 Peening
- + 5.12 Stress-relief heat treatment
- 5.12.1
- 5.12.2
- 5.12.3
- 5.12.4
- 5.12.5
- 5.12.6
- 5.13 Cleaning of welds
- 5.14 Arc strikes
- + 5.15 Heat shaping
- Table 5.1
- Table 5.2
- Table 5.3
- Table 5.4*
- Table 5.5
- Figure 5.1
- Figure 5.2
- Figure 5.3
- + 6 Stud welding
- 6.1 Scope
- + 6.2 General requirements
- 6.2.1
- 6.2.2
- 6.2.3
- 6.2.4
- 6.2.5
- + 6.3 Stud application qualification requirements...
- 6.3.1 Prequalified positions
- 6.3.2 Non-prequalified stud applications
- 6.3.3 Base material for qualification tests
- 6.3.4 Test variables to be recorded
- 6.3.5 Test specimens
- 6.3.6 Bend tests (nonthreaded studs)
- 6.3.7 Bend tests (threaded studs)
- 6.3.8 Torque tests (threaded studs)
- 6.3.9 Acceptance criteria
- 6.3.10 Replacement of end tests (threaded studs...
- 6.3.11 Test data
- + 6.4 Technique and workmanship
- 6.4.1
- 6.4.2
- 6.4.3
- 6.4.4
- 6.4.5
- 6.4.6
- 6.4.7
- 6.4.8
- 6.4.9
- 6.4.10
- 6.4.11
- 6.4.12
- 6.4.13
- 6.4.14
- + 6.5 Procedural controls
- 6.5.1
- 6.5.2
- 6.5.3
- 6.5.4
- 6.5.5
- 6.5.6
- 6.5.7
- 6.5.8
- 6.5.9
- + 6.6 Inspection requirements and repair procedur...
- 6.6.1
- 6.6.2
- 6.6.3
- 6.6.4
- 6.6.5
- 6.6.6
- 6.6.7
- 6.6.8
- + 6.6.9
- Table 6.1
- Table 6.2
- Figure 6.1
- + 7 Welding inspection
- + 7.1 General
- 7.1.1 Contractor’s inspector
- + 7.1.2 Independent Third-party inspection
- 7.1.2.1
- 7.1.2.3
- 7.1.3 Availability of documents
- 7.1.4 Notification
- 7.1.5 Access
- 7.1.6 Identification
- 7.2 Inspection of materials
- + 7.3 Obligations of the contractor
- 7.3.1
- 7.3.2
- 7.3.3
- 7.3.4
- 7.3.5
- + 7.4 Nondestructive examination
- 7.4.1
- + 7.4.2
- 7.4.2.1
- 7.4.2.2
- + 7.4.3
- 7.4.3.1
- 7.4.3.2
- 7.4.4
- 7.4.5
- 7.4.6
- 7.4.7
- + 8 Radiographic and ultrasonic examination of we...
- + 8.1 Radiographic examination of welds
- + 8.1.1 General
- 8.1.1.1
- 8.1.1.2
- + 8.1.2 Extent of examination
- 8.1.2.1
- 8.1.2.2
- 8.1.2.3
- 8.1.2.4
- + 8.1.3 Radiographic procedure
- 8.1.3.1 General
- 8.1.3.2 Penetrameter selection
- 8.1.3.3 Personnel requirements
- + 8.1.3.4
- 8.1.3.4.1
- 8.1.3.4.2
- 8.1.3.4.3
- 8.1.3.4.4
- + 8.1.3.5
- 8.1.3.5.1
- 8.1.3.5.2
- 8.1.3.6
- + 8.1.3.7
- 8.1.3.7.1
- 8.1.3.7.2
- 8.1.3.7.3
- 8.1.3.7.4
- 8.1.3.7.5
- 8.1.3.7.6
- 8.1.3.7.7
- + 8.1.3.8
- 8.1.3.8.1
- 8.1.3.8.2
- 8.1.3.9
- 8.1.4 Acceptability of welds
- + 8.1.5 Examination, reporting, and disposition o...
- 8.1.5.1
- 8.1.5.2
- 8.1.5.3
- + 8.1.6 Alternative radiation imaging systems
- 8.1.6.1
- 8.1.6.2
- 8.1.6.3
- 8.1.6.4
- 8.1.6.5
- 8.1.6.6
- 8.1.6.7
- + 8.2 Ultrasonic examination of groove welds
- + 8.2.1 General
- 8.2.1.1
- 8.2.1.2
- 8.2.1.3
- + 8.2.2 Extent of examination
- 8.2.2.1
- 8.2.2.2
- 8.2.2.3
- 8.2.3 Personnel qualification (FA technique)
- + 8.2.4 Ultrasonic equipment (FA technique)
- 8.2.4.1
- 8.2.4.2
- 8.2.4.3
- + 8.2.5 Calibration standards (FA technique)
- 8.2.5.1
- 8.2.5.2
- + 8.2.6 Equipment calibration (FA technique)
- 8.2.6.1
- 8.2.6.2
- 8.2.6.3
- 8.2.6.4
- + 8.2.7 Calibration for examination (FA technique...
- 8.2.7.1 Calibration frequency
- 8.2.7.2 Straight beam
- 8.2.7.3 Angle beam
- + 8.2.8 Testing procedure (FA technique)
- 8.2.8.1
- 8.2.8.2
- 8.2.8.3
- 8.2.8.4
- 8.2.8.5
- 8.2.8.6
- 8.2.8.7
- 8.2.8.8
- + 8.2.9 Preparation and disposition of reports
- 8.2.9.1
- 8.2.9.2
- 8.2.9.3
- + 8.2.10 Calibration of the ultrasonic unit with ...
- 8.2.10.1 General
- + 8.2.10.2 Shear wave mode (transverse)
- 8.2.10.2.1 Sound entry point
- 8.2.10.2.2 Sound path angle
- 8.2.10.2.3 Distance calibration
- 8.2.10.2.4 Amplitude calibration
- 8.2.10.2.5 Resolution
- 8.2.10.2.6 Approach distance of search unit
- + 8.2.11 Scanning patterns for ultrasonic examina...
- 8.2.11.1
- 8.2.11.2
- 8.2.11.3
- + 8.2.12 Alternative ultrasonic systems
- 8.2.12.1
- 8.2.12.2
- 8.2.12.3
- 8.2.12.4
- 8.2.12.5
- + 8.2.12.6
- Table 8.1
- Table 8.2
- Table 8.3
- Figure 8.1
- Figure 8.2
- Figure 8.3
- Figure 8.4
- Figure 8.5
- Figure 8.6
- Figure 8.7
- Figure 8.8
- Figure 8.9
- Figure 8.10
- Figure 8.11
- Figure 8.12
- + 9 Strengthening and repair of existing structur...
- 9.1 General
- + 9.2 Materials
- 9.2.1
- 9.2.2
- + 9.3 Design
- 9.3.1
- 9.3.2
- 9.3.3
- 9.3.4
- 9.3.5
- + 9.4 Workmanship
- 9.4.1
- 9.4.2
- 9.4.3
- 9.4.4
- 9.4.5
- + 9.5 Fatigue life enhancement
- 9.5.1 Methods
- 9.5.2 Stress range increase
- + 9.6 Quality
- 9.6.1 Visual inspection
- 9.6.2 Nondestructive testing
- + 10 Details and welding procedure requirements f...
- + 10.1 General
- 10.1.1 Prequalified complete joint penetration ...
- 10.1.2 Prequalified partial joint penetration g...
- + 10.1.3 Requirements for prequalification of joi...
- 10.1.3.1
- 10.1.3.2
- 10.1.3.3
- 10.1.3.4
- 10.1.3.5
- 10.1.3.6
- 10.1.4 Joint and weld designations
- 10.1.5 Postweld heat treatment
- 10.1.6 Filler metals tested in the PWHT conditi...
- + 10.2 Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)
- + 10.2.1 Prequalified complete joint penetration ...
- 10.2.1.1
- 10.2.1.2
- + 10.2.2 Prequalified partial joint penetration g...
- 10.2.2.1
- 10.2.2.2
- 10.2.2.3
- + 10.2.3 Procedures for SMAW
- 10.2.3.1
- 10.2.3.2
- + 10.3 Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- + 10.3.1 Prequalified complete joint penetration ...
- 10.3.1.1
- 10.3.1.2
- + 10.3.2 Prequalified partial joint penetration g...
- 10.3.2.1
- 10.3.2.2
- 10.3.2.3
- + 10.3.3 Parameter limitations for prequalified c...
- 10.3.3.1
- 10.3.3.2
- 10.3.3.3
- 10.3.3.4
- 10.3.3.5
- + 10.3.4 Prequalified fillet welds made by submer...
- 10.3.4.1
- 10.3.4.2
- 10.3.4.3
- 10.3.4.4
- + 10.4 Flux-cored arc and metal-cored arc welding...
- + 10.4.1 Prequalified complete joint penetration ...
- 10.4.1.1
- 10.4.1.2
- + 10.4.2 Prequalified partial joint penetration g...
- 10.4.2.1
- 10.4.2.2
- 10.4.2.3
- + 10.4.3 Procedures for FCAW and MCAW with single...
- 10.4.3.1
- 10.4.3.2
- 10.4.3.3
- + 10.4.4 Procedures for FCAW and MCAW with parall...
- 10.4.4.1
- 10.4.4.2
- 10.4.4.3
- 10.4.4.4
- 10.4.5
- 10.4.6
- + 10.5 Gas metal arc welding spray transfer (GMAW...
- + 10.5.1 Prequalified complete joint penetration ...
- 10.5.1.1
- 10.5.1.2
- + 10.5.2 Prequalified partial joint penetration g...
- 10.5.2.1
- 10.5.2.2
- 10.5.2.3
- + 10.5.3 Procedures for GMAW with single electrod...
- 10.5.3.1
- 10.5.3.2
- 10.5.3.3
- 10.5.3.4
- 10.5.3.5
- 10.5.3.6
- 10.5.3.7
- 10.5.3.8
- 10.5.4 Procedures for GMAW with parallel electr...
- + 10.5.4.1
- 10.5.4.2
- 10.5.4.3
- 10.5.4.4
- 10.5.4.5
- 10.5.4.6
- 10.5.5
- + 10.6 Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)
- + 10.6.1 Prequalified complete joint penetration ...
- 10.6.1.1
- 10.6.1.2
- + 10.6.2 Prequalified partial joint penetration g...
- 10.6.2.1
- 10.6.2.2
- 10.6.2.3
- + 10.6.3 Procedures for GTAW with single electrod...
- 10.6.3.1
- 10.6.3.2
- + 10.6.3.3
- Table 10.1
- Table 10.2
- Figure 10.1
- Figure 10.2
- + 11 Statically-loaded structures — Design and co...
- + 11.1 Scope
- 11.1.1
- 11.1.2
- + 11.2 Base metal
- 11.2.1
- 11.2.2
- + 11.3 Design provisions
- 11.3.1 Symbols
- + 11.3.2 Design values
- 11.3.2.1
- 11.3.2.2
- 11.3.2.3
- 11.3.2.4
- 11.3.3 Base metal and matching electrode classi...
- + 11.4 Structural details
- 11.4.1 General
- 11.4.2 Combination of welds
- 11.4.3 Welds in combination with bolts
- 11.4.4 Strength under temporary loads
- + 11.4.5 Eccentricity of connections
- 11.4.5.1
- 11.4.5.2
- 11.4.5.3
- + 11.4.6 Fillet weld details
- 11.4.6.1
- 11.4.6.2
- + 11.4.7 Lap joints
- 11.4.7.1
- 11.4.7.2
- 11.4.7.3
- + 11.4.8 Transition of thickness or width
- 11.4.8.1
- 11.4.8.2
- 11.4.8.3
- + 11.4.9 Beams and girders
- 11.4.9.1
- 11.4.9.2
- 11.4.9.3
- 11.4.9.4
- + 11.4.10 Splices in compression members
- 11.4.10.1
- 11.4.10.2
- 11.4.11 Splices in tension members
- 11.4.12 T- and corner joints
- + 11.4.13 Connection of components of built-up me...
- 11.4.13.1
- 11.4.13.2
- 11.4.13.3
- + 11.5 Workmanship
- 11.5.1 Termination of groove welds
- 11.5.2 Groove weld backing
- + 11.5.3 Dimensional tolerances
- 11.5.3.1
- 11.5.3.2
- + 11.5.4 Quality of welds
- 11.5.4.1 General
- 11.5.4.2 Visual examination
- 11.5.4.3 High restraint joints and quenched and...
- 11.5.4.4 Radiographic and magnetic particle exa...
- 11.5.4.5 Ultrasonic examination
- 11.5.4.6 Liquid penetrant examination
- 11.5.4.7 Examination of high restraint joints o...
- + 11.5.4.8 Arc Spot Weld Visual Acceptance Criter...
- Table 11.1
- Table 11.2
- Table 11.3
- Figure 11.1
- Figure 11.2
- Figure 11.3
- Figure 11.4 [Deleted]
- + 12 Cyclically-loaded structures — Design and co...
- 12.1 Scope
- + 12.2 Base metal
- 12.2.1
- 12.2.2
- + 12.3 Design provisions
- 12.3.1 Symbols
- + 12.3.2 Design values
- 12.3.2.1
- 12.3.2.2
- 12.3.2.3
- 12.3.3 Base metal and matching electrode classi...
- + 12.3.4 Fatigue stress provisions
- 12.3.4.1
- 12.3.4.2
- 12.3.4.3
- 12.3.4.4
- 12.3.4.5 Fracture critical members
- + 12.3.4.6 Live load-induced fatigue and stress r...
- 12.3.4.6.1
- 12.3.4.6.2
- 12.3.4.6.3
- 12.3.4.6.4
- 12.3.4.6.5
- 12.3.4.6.6
- 12.3.4.6.7
- 12.3.4.7
- 12.3.4.8
- + 12.4 Structural details
- 12.4.1 General
- + 12.4.2 Combination of welds
- 12.4.2.1
- 12.4.2.2
- + 12.4.3 Welds in combination with bolts
- 12.4.3.1
- 12.4.3.2
- 12.4.4 Strength under temporary loads
- + 12.4.5 Eccentricity of connections
- 12.4.5.1
- 12.4.5.2
- 12.4.5.3
- + 12.4.6 Fillet weld details
- 12.4.6.1
- 12.4.6.2
- + 12.4.7 Lap joints
- 12.4.7.1
- 12.4.7.2
- 12.4.7.3
- + 12.4.8 Transition of thickness or widths
- 12.4.8.1
- 12.4.8.2
- + 12.4.9 Beams and girders
- 12.4.9.1
- 12.4.9.2
- 12.4.9.3
- 12.4.10 Splices in compression members
- 12.4.11 Splices in tension members
- 12.4.12 T- and corner joints
- + 12.4.13 Connections of components of built-up m...
- 12.4.13.1
- 12.4.13.2
- 12.4.13.3
- 12.4.14 Prohibited types of joints and welds
- + 12.5 Workmanship
- 12.5.1 Termination of groove welds
- + 12.5.2 Groove weld backing
- 12.5.2.1 Engineer’s responsibility
- 12.5.2.2 Welding of backing
- 12.5.2.3 Removal of backing
- + 12.5.3 Dimensional tolerances
- 12.5.3.1
- 12.5.3.2
- + 12.5.4 Quality of welds
- 12.5.4.1 General
- 12.5.4.2 Visual examination
- 12.5.4.3 High restraint joints and quenched and...
- 12.5.4.4 Radiographic and magnetic particle exa...
- 12.5.4.5 Ultrasonic examination
- 12.5.4.6 Liquid penetrant examination
- 12.5.4.7 High restraint joints and quenched and...
- + 12.5.5 Temporary welds
- Table 12.1
- Table 12.2
- Table 12.3
- Table 12.4
- Table 12.5
- Table 12.5 (Concluded)
- Figure 12.1
- Figure 12.2
- Figure 12.4
- Figure 12.5
- Figure 12.6
- + Annex A (informative)
- Figure A.1
- Figure A.2
- + Annex B (informative)
- B.1 Plug welds
- B.2 Slot welds
- B.3 Mislocated holes and slots
- + Annex C (informative)
- C.1 Groove welds
- C.2 Fillet welds
- + C.3 Preheating
- C.3.1
- C.3.2
- + Annex D (informative)
- D.1 General
- D.2 Symbols convention for grooves welded from ...
- + D.3 Symbol presentation of complete joint penet...
- D.3.1
- D.3.2
- D.3.3
- D.4 Drawing convention for welding symbols
- D.5 Drawing convention for prequalified joints ...
- D.6 Materials for backing and spacers
- D.7 Flare bevel groove weld symbol
- D.8 Flare V-groove weld symbol
- + Annex E (informative)
- Figure E.1
- Figure E.2
- Figure E.3
- Figure E.4
- Figure E.5
- Figure E.6
- Figure E.7
- Figure E.8
- Figure E.9A
- Figure E.9B
- Figure E.10A
- Figure E.10B
- Figure E.11
- Figure E.12
- Figure E.13
- Figure E.14
- Figure E.15
- Figure E.16
- Figure E.17
- Figure E.18A
- Figure E.18B
- Figure E.18C
- Figure E.19
- Figure E.20
- + Annex F (informative)
- F.1 Geometric unsharpness
- Figure F.1
- Figure F.2
- Annex G (informative)
- + Annex H (normative)
- H.1 Definitions
- + H.2 General requirements
- H.2.1
- H.2.2
- H.2.3
- H.2.4
- + H.3 Mechanical requirements
- H.3.1
- H.3.2
- H.3.3
- H.3.4
- H.3.5
- + H.4 Stud base qualification requirements
- H.4.1 Scope
- H.4.2 Responsibility for tests
- H.4.3 Data required
- + H.4.4 Preparation of specimens
- H.4.4.1
- H.4.4.2
- + H.4.5 Number of test specimens
- H.4.5.1
- H.4.5.2
- + H.4.6 Tests
- H.4.6.1 Tensile tests
- H.4.6.2 Bend tests
- H.4.7 Retests
- H.4.8 Acceptance
- H.4.9 Changes
- H.4.10 Extent of qualification
- H.4.11 Duration of qualification
- + H.4.12 Verification
- H.4.12.1 Verification of qualification
- H.4.12.2 Review of qualification
- Table H.1
- Figure H.1
- Figure H.2
- Figure H.3
- + Annex I (informative)
- Table I.1 a)
- Table I.1 b)
- Table I.2 a)
- Table I.2 b)
- Table I.3 a)
- Table I.3 b)
- + Annex J (informative)
- Table J.1 a)
- Table J.1 b)
- Table J.2 a)
- Table J.2 b)
- Table J.3 a)
- Table J.3 b)
- Table J.4 a)
- Table J.4 b)
- Table J.5 a)
- Table J.5 b)
- + Annex K (informative)
- K.1 Procedure
- K.2 Performance experience
- K.3 Research
- + Annex L (informative)
- + L.1 General
- L.1.1
- L.1.2
- L.1.3
- L.1.4
- L.1.5
- L.1.6
- + L.2 Enhancing connection resistance
- L.2.1
- L.2.2
- + L.3 Considerations for truss design
- L.3.1
- L.3.2
- L.3.3
- L.4 Partial joint penetration HSS welds with st...
- L.5 Bibliography
- Figure L.1
- Figure L.2
- + Annex M (informative)
- Figure M.1
- Figure M.2
- Figure M.3
- + Annex N (informative)
- N.1 General
- + N.2 Characteristics of the process
- N.2.1 General
- N.2.2 Short-circuiting transfer mode (GMAW-SC)
- N.2.3 Spray transfer (GMAW-SP)
- N.2.4 Voltage and wire feed speed
- N.2.5 Globular transfer (GMAW-GL)
- N.2.6 Pulsed transfer (GMAW-P)
- N.3 Other features of the process
- + N.4 Prequalification requirements for this Stan...
- N.4.1 Spray and pulsed transfer
- N.4.2 Wire diameter and base metal thickness
- N.4.3 Wire diameter and weld size
- N.4.4 Position of welding
- Figure N.1
- Figure N.2
- Figure N.3
- Figure N.4
- + Annex P (informative)
- P.1 Introduction
- + P.2 Comparison of methods
- P.2.1 General
- P.2.2 HAZ hardness control
- P.2.2.1
- P.2.2.2
- P.2.2.3
- P.2.2.4
- P.2.2.5
- P.2.2.6
- P.2.2.7
- P.2.3 Hydrogen control
- P.2.3.1
- P.2.3.2
- P.2.3.3
- P.2.3.4
- + P.3 Selection of method
- P.3.1
- P.3.2
- + P.4 Detailed guide
- P.4.1 Cooling rate HAZ hardness method
- P.4.1.1
- P.4.1.2
- P.4.1.3
- P.4.1.4
- P.4.1.5
- P.4.2 Cooling time HAZ hardness method
- P.4.2.1
- P.4.2.2
- P.4.2.3
- P.4.2.4
- P.4.2.5
- P.4.2.6
- P.4.3 Hydrogen control method
- P.4.3.1
- P.4.3.2
- P.4.3.3
- P.4.3.4
- P.4.3.5
- Table P.1
- Table P.2 a)
- Table P.2 b)
- Figure P.1
- Figure P.2
- Figure P.3
- Figure P.4
- Figure P.5
- Figure P.6
- Figure P.7
- Figure P.8
- Figure P.9
- Figure P.10
- Figure P.11
- Figure P.12
- Figure P.13
- + P.5 Commentary to Annex P — Preheat: Background...
- P.5.1 General observations
- P.5.2 Basis of predicting preheat
- P.5.3 Scope of proposed preheat requirements
- P.5.4 Restraint
- P.5.5 Relation between energy input and fillet ...
- P.5.6 Application
- P.5.7 Bibliography
- + Annex Q (informative)
- + Q.1 General
- Q.1.1
- Q.1.2
- Q.1.3
- Q.2 Susceptibility of lamellar tearing
- Q.2.1
- Q.2.2
- Q.2.3
- Q.3 Selection of material
- Q.4 Fabrication technique
- + Q.5 Inspection
- Q.5.1
- Q.5.2
- + Q.6 Repairs
- Q.6.1
- Q.6.2
- Q.7 Bibliography
- + Annex R (informative)
- + R.1 Using the basic S-N equation
- R.1.1
- R.1.2
- R.1.3
- R.1.4
- + R.2 Application of Miner’s Rule for cumulative ...
- R.2.1
- R.2.2 Cumulative fatigue damage to the crane gi...
- R.2.3 Anticipated fatigue life of the crane gir...
- + R.3 Postweld methods of fatigue life enhancemen...
- R.3.1
- R.3.2
- R.3.3 Discussion
- R.3.3.1
- R.3.3.2
- R.3.3.3
- R.3.4 Toe grinding
- R.3.5 Hammer peening
- R.3.5.1
- R.3.5.2
- R.3.6 TIG dressing
- R.3.7 Toe grinding plus hammer peening
- R.3.8 Ultrasonic or high frequency mechanical i...
- R.3.9 Stress range increase
- R.4 References for fatigue enhancement
- + Annex S (informative)
- + S.1 Statically-loaded structures
- S.1.1
- S.1.2
- S.1.3
- S.1.4
- S.1.5
- S.1.6
- + S.2 Cyclically-loaded structures
- S.2.1
- S.2.2
- S.2.3
- S.2.4
- S.2.5
- Table S.1
- Table S.2
- + Annex T (informative)
- T.1 General
- + T.2 Electrode types
- T.2.1 CAN/CSA-ISO 14341-B-G49A3C1S3
- T.2.2 CAN/CSA-ISO 14341-B-G49A2C1S3
- T.2.3 CAN/CSA-ISO 14341-B-G49A3C1S4
- T.2.4 CAN/CSA-ISO 14341-B-G49A3C1S6
- T.2.5 CAN/CSA-ISO 14341-B-G49A3C1S7
- T.2.6 CAN/CSA-ISO 14341-B-G55A5M22SN2
- + Annex U (normative)
- U.0 Introduction
- + U.1 Scope, Reference publications, Definitions,...
- U.1.1 Scope
- U.1.1.1
- U.1.1.2
- U.1.1.3
- U.1.1.4
- U.1.2 Reference publications
- U.1.3 Definitions and abbreviations
- U.1.3.1 Definitions
- U.1.3.2 Abbreviations
- + U.2 General qualification requirements
- U.2.1 Contractor qualifications
- U.2.1.1
- U.2.1.2
- U.2.1.3
- U.2.2 Base metal qualifications
- U.2.2.1
- U.2.2.2
- U.2.2.3
- U.2.2.4
- U.2.3 Welding procedure qualifications
- U.2.3.1
- U.2.3.2
- U.2.3.3
- U.2.3.4
- U.2.4 Welder/operator qualifications
- U.2.4.1
- U.2.4.2
- U.2.5 Inspection and NDE company qualifications...
- U.2.5.1
- U.2.5.2
- U.2.6 Inspectors and NDE personnel qualificatio...
- U.2.6.1
- U.2.6.2
- U.2.6.3
- U.2.6.4
- U.2.7 Welding consumable certification
- U.2.7.1
- U.2.7.2
- U.2.7.3
- U.2.7.4
- U.2.7.5
- U.2.7.6
- + U.3 Tubular TKY joints
- U.3.1 General
- U.3.1.1
- U.3.1.2
- U.3.1.3
- U.3.2 Tubular TKY joint qualification
- U.3.2.1 Single-sided CJP TKY welds
- U.3.2.1.1
- U.3.2.1.2
- U.3.2.1.3
- U.3.2.2 Single-sided PJP TKY welds
- U.3.2.3 Fillet welded TKY joints
- U.3.3 Tubular TKY joint details
- U.3.3.1 Tubular TKY joint zones
- U.3.3.2 CJP TKY joint details
- U.3.3.2.1
- U.3.3.2.2
- U.3.3.2.3
- U.3.3.2.4
- U.3.3.2.5
- U.3.3.2.6
- U.3.3.3 PJP TKY joint details
- U.3.3.3.1
- U.3.3.3.2
- U.3.3.4 Fillet weld TKY joint details
- + U.4 Qualification of welding procedures and wel...
- U.4.1 Welding procedure qualification requireme...
- U.4.1.1 General requirements
- U.4.1.1.1
- U.4.1.1.2
- U.4.1.1.3
- U.4.1.1.4
- U.4.1.1.5
- U.4.1.1.6
- U.4.1.1.7
- U.4.1.1.8
- U.4.1.1.9
- U.4.1.1.10
- U.4.1.1.11
- U.4.1.2 Weld procedure qualification testing
- U.4.1.2.1
- U.4.1.2.2
- U.4.1.2.3
- U.4.1.2.4
- U.4.1.2.5
- U.4.1.2.6
- U.4.1.2.7
- U.4.1.2.8
- U.4.1.2.9
- U.4.1.2.10
- U.4.1.2.11
- U.4.1.2.12
- U.4.1.2.13
- U.4.1.3 Weld procedure qualification test requi...
- U.4.1.3.1 Comprehensive tests
- U.4.1.3.1.1 General
- U.4.1.3.1.2 CJP Butt joints in plates
- U.4.1.3.1.2.1
- U.4.1.3.1.2.2
- U.4.1.3.1.2.3
- U.4.1.3.1.2.4
- U.4.1.3.1.2.5
- U.4.1.3.1.3 CJP Butt joints in tubular
- U.4.1.3.1.3.1 Single-sided open root joints bet...
- U.4.1.3.1.3.2 TKY single sided joints
- U.4.1.3.1.3.3
- U.4.1.3.1.3.4
- U.4.1.3.1.4 Fillet welds in plates
- U.4.1.3.2 Demonstration tests
- U.4.1.3.2.1 General
- U.4.1.3.2.2 Repair welds using a different proc...
- U.4.1.3.2.3 TKY joints — Tubulars
- U.4.1.3.2.4 TKY joints — Box tubing
- U.4.1.3.2.5 TKY joints — UT precluded for NDE a...
- U.4.1.3.2.6 Wide gap tubular closing butts
- U.4.1.3.2.7 Grout beads
- U.4.1.3.2.8 Fillet welds over weldable primer
- U.4.1.3.2.9 Double-sided CJP butt joints using ...
- U.4.1.4 Weld procedure qualification test coupo...
- U.4.1.4.1 Inspection and NDE
- U.4.1.4.1.1 Extent
- U.4.1.4.1.2 Visual inspection
- U.4.1.4.1.3 NDE
- U.4.1.4.2 Mechanical testing
- U.4.1.4.2.1 Extent
- U.4.1.4.2.2 Test specimens and acceptance crite...
- U.4.1.5 Essential variables
- U.4.1.5.1 General
- U.4.1.5.2 Base metal
- U.4.1.5.3 Base metal dimensions
- U.4.1.5.4 Filler metal/weld consumable/shieldin...
- U.4.1.5.5 Weld joint groove
- U.4.1.5.6 Weld process/procedural
- U.4.1.5.7 Preheat and interpass temperature
- U.4.1.5.8 Electrical characteristics
- U.4.1.5.9 Weld position
- U.4.1.5.10 Approved WPDS
- U.4.1.5.11 Production welding qualified by plat...
- U.4.2 Welder/operator qualification requirement...
- U.4.2.1 General requirements
- U.4.2.1.1
- U.4.2.1.2
- U.4.2.1.3
- U.4.2.1.4
- U.4.2.1.5
- U.4.2.1.6
- U.4.2.1.7
- U.4.2.1.8
- U.4.2.1.9
- U.4.2.2 Existing qualification
- U.4.2.3 New S qualification
- U.4.2.3.1
- U.4.2.3.2
- U.4.2.3.3
- U.4.2.3.4
- U.4.2.4 New T qualification
- U.4.2.4.1
- U.4.2.4.2
- U.4.2.4.3
- U.4.2.4.4
- U.4.2.5 New TKY qualification
- U.4.2.5.1
- U.4.2.5.2
- U.4.2.5.3
- U.4.2.5.4
- U.4.2.5.5
- U.4.2.5.6
- U.4.2.6 Special application qualification
- U.4.2.6.1
- U.4.2.6.2
- U.4.2.6.3
- U.4.2.7 Combination of weld processes/weld cons...
- U.4.2.7.1
- U.4.2.7.2
- U.4.2.8 Air carbon arc gouging
- U.4.2.9 Welder/operator qualification inspectio...
- U.4.2.9.1 S and T classifications
- U.4.2.9.2 TKY classifications for pipe/tubular ...
- U.4.2.9.3 TKY classification for separate box t...
- U.4.2.9.4 Special application wide gap closure ...
- U.4.2.9.5 Special application acute dihedral he...
- U.4.2.10 Acceptance criteria
- U.4.2.10.1 S and T classifications
- U.4.2.10.2 TKY tubular classification
- U.4.2.10.3 TKY box tubing classification
- U.4.2.10.4 Special application classifications ...
- U.4.2.10.5 Special application classifications ...
- U.4.2.11 Failure
- U.4.2.12 Re-qualification
- U.4.2.12.1
- U.4.2.12.2
- U.4.2.13 Welder/operator performance qualificat...
- U.4.2.13.1
- U.4.2.13.2
- U.4.2.13.3
- U.4.2.13.4
- U.4.2.14 Welder/operator qualification essentia...
- U.4.2.15 Welder/operator qualification certific...
- U.4.2.15.1
- U.4.2.15.2
- U.4.2.15.3
- + U.5 Fabrication
- U.5.1 General requirements
- U.5.1.1
- U.5.1.2
- U.5.1.3
- U.5.1.4
- U.5.1.5
- U.5.2 Preparation and assembly
- U.5.2.1 Design of welded connections
- U.5.2.1.1
- U.5.2.1.2
- U.5.2.2 Forming
- U.5.2.2.1
- U.5.2.2.2
- U.5.2.2.3
- U.5.2.2.4
- U.5.2.3 Edge and surface preparation
- U.5.2.3.1
- U.5.2.3.2
- U.5.2.3.3
- U.5.2.3.4
- U.5.2.4 Alignment and fit-up of welded joints
- U.5.2.4.1
- U.5.2.4.2
- U.5.2.4.3
- U.5.2.4.4
- U.5.2.4.5
- U.5.2.4.6
- U.5.2.4.7
- U.5.2.4.8
- U.5.2.4.9
- U.5.2.5 Tack welds and temporary attachments
- U.5.2.5.1
- U.5.2.5.2
- U.5.2.5.3
- U.5.2.5.4
- U.5.2.5.5
- U.5.2.5.6
- U.5.2.5.7
- U.5.2.6 Rat holes, penetrations, and cut-outs
- U.5.2.7 Weld buttering
- U.5.2.7.1
- U.5.2.7.2
- U.5.2.7.3
- U.5.2.7.4
- U.5.2.7.5
- U.5.2.7.6
- U.5.2.7.7
- U.5.2.7.8
- U.5.2.7.9
- U.5.2.7.10
- U.5.3 Control of production welding
- U.5.3.1 Welding environment
- U.5.3.2 Welding consumables and equipment
- U.5.3.2.1
- U.5.3.2.2
- U.5.3.2.3
- U.5.3.2.4
- U.5.3.3 Preheat and interpass temperature
- U.5.3.3.1
- U.5.3.3.2
- U.5.3.3.3
- U.5.3.3.4
- U.5.3.3.5
- U.5.3.3.6
- U.5.3.3.7
- U.5.3.3.8
- U.5.3.3.9
- U.5.3.3.10
- U.5.3.4 Weld execution
- U.5.3.4.1
- U.5.3.4.2
- U.5.3.4.3
- U.5.3.4.4
- U.5.3.4.5
- U.5.3.4.6
- U.5.3.4.7
- U.5.3.4.8
- U.5.3.4.9
- U.5.3.5 Weld interruptions
- U.5.3.5.1
- U.5.3.5.2
- U.5.3.6 Weld profile, surface finish, and clean...
- U.5.3.6.1
- U.5.3.6.2
- U.5.3.6.3
- U.5.3.6.4
- U.5.3.6.5
- U.5.3.7 Welds repairs
- U.5.3.7.1
- U.5.3.7.2
- U.5.3.7.3
- U.5.3.7.4
- U.5.3.7.5
- U.5.3.7.6
- U.5.3.7.7
- U.5.3.7.8
- U.5.3.7.9
- U.5.3.7.10
- U.5.3.7.11
- + U.5.4 Postweld heat treatment (PWHT)
- + U.5.4.1 General
- U.5.4.1.1
- U.5.4.1.2
- + U.5.4.2 Procedure
- U.5.4.2.1
- U.5.4.2.2
- U.5.4.2.3
- U.5.4.2.4
- U.5.4.2.5
- U.5.5 Inspection and test planning/weld monitor...
- U.5.5.1
- U.5.5.2
- U.5.5.3
- U.5.5.4
- U.5.5.5 Performance of the inspection and testi...
- U.5.5.5.1
- U.5.5.5.2
- U.5.5.5.3
- U.5.5.5.4
- U.5.5.6 Weld monitoring
- U.5.5.6.1
- U.5.5.6.2
- U.5.5.6.3
- U.5.5.6.4
- U.5.5.6.5
- U.5.5.6.6
- + U.6 Fabrication dimensional tolerances
- U.6.1 General
- U.6.1.1
- U.6.1.2
- U.6.1.3
- U.6.1.4
- U.6.1.5
- U.6.1.6
- U.6.1.7
- U.6.1.8
- U.6.1.9
- U.6.1.10
- U.6.1.11
- U.6.1.12
- U.6.1.13
- U.6.2 Local and global dimensional tolerances
- + U.7 Inspection and NDE methods, procedures, and...
- U.7.1 General
- U.7.2 Visual inspection
- U.7.2.1
- U.7.2.2
- U.7.2.3
- U.7.2.4
- U.7.2.5
- U.7.2.6
- U.7.3 Radiographic examination
- U.7.3.1 Non-tubular structures
- U.7.3.2 Tubular structures
- U.7.3.2.1 General
- U.7.3.2.2 Circumferential groove welds in butt ...
- U.7.3.2.3 Single-wall exposure/single-wall view...
- U.7.3.2.4 Double-wall exposure/single-wall view...
- U.7.3.2.5 Double-wall exposure/double-wall view...
- U.7.3.3 Procedure preparation
- U.7.3.4 Procedure approval
- U.7.3.5 Personnel qualifications
- U.7.3.6 Radiographic coverage
- U.7.3.7 Acceptance criteria
- U.7.4 Ultrasonic examination
- U.7.4.1 Non tubular structures and tubular stru...
- U.7.4.2 Tubular structures with D < 600 mm
- U.7.4.2.1 General
- U.7.4.2.2 Procedure
- U.7.4.2.3 Personnel
- U.7.4.2.4 Calibration
- U.7.4.2.4.1
- U.7.4.2.4.2
- U.7.4.2.4.3
- U.7.4.2.5 Base metal examination
- U.7.4.2.6 Weld scanning
- U.7.4.2.7 Optimum angle
- U.7.4.2.8 Discontinuity evaluation
- U.7.4.2.9 Reporting
- U.7.4.2.9.1
- U.7.4.2.9.2
- U.7.4.2.9.3
- U.7.4.2.9.4
- U.7.4.3 Procedure preparation
- U.7.4.4 Procedure approval
- U.7.4.5 Personnel qualifications
- U.7.4.6 Ultrasonic coverage
- U.7.4.7 Acceptance criteria
- U.7.5 Magnetic particle examination
- U.7.5.1
- U.7.5.2
- U.7.5.3
- U.7.5.4
- U.7.5.5
- U.7.5.6
- U.7.6 Liquid penetrant examination
- U.7.6.1
- U.7.6.2
- U.7.6.3
- U.7.6.4
- U.7.6.5
- U.7.6.6
- U.7.7 Inspection and NDE acceptance criteria
- U.7.7.1 Quality of welds for non-tubular struct...
- U.7.7.1.1
- U.7.7.1.2
- U.7.7.2 Quality of welds for tubular structures...
- U.7.7.2.1 Visual inspection acceptance criteria...
- U.7.7.2.2 Non-destructive examination acceptanc...
- U.7.7.2.3 Radiographic examination acceptance c...
- U.7.7.2.3.1
- U.7.7.2.3.2
- U.7.7.2.4 Ultrasonic examination acceptance cri...
- U.7.7.2.4.1 Non-tubular structures and tubular ...
- U.7.7.2.4.2 Tubular structures with diameters <...
- U.7.7.2.4.3 Tubular Classes R and X acceptance ...
- U.7.7.2.4.3.1 General
- U.7.7.2.4.3.2 Class R
- U.7.7.2.4.3.3 Class X
- U.7.7.2.5 Magnetic particle and liquid penetran...
- Table U.1
- Table U.2
- Table U.3
- Table U.3 (Continued)
- Table U.4
- Table U.4 (Continued)
- Figure U.1
- Figure U.2
- Figure U.3
- Figure U.4
- Figure U.5
- Figure U.6
- Figure U.7
- Figure U.8
- Figure U.9
- Figure U.10
- Figure U.11
- Figure U.12
- Figure U.13
- Figure U.14
- Figure U.15
- Figure U.16
- Figure U.17
- Figure U.18
- Figure U.19
- Figure U.20
- Figure U.21
- Figure U.22
- Figure U.23 a)
- Figure U.23 b)
- Figure U.24
- Annex V (informative)
- + Annex W (informative)
- W.1 General
- + W.2 Structural design document, shop details, a...
- W.2.1 Structural design documents
- W.2.2 Detail drawings
- W.2.3 Erection diagrams
- + W.3 Nondestructive examination
- W.3.1 General
- W.3.2 Magnetic particle examination
- + W.4 Electrodes
- W.4.1 Mechanical properties
- Table W.4.1
- W.4.2 Diffusible hydrogen
- W.4.3 Certificate of conformance
- + W.5 Welding procedures
- W.5.1 General
- W.5.2 Maximum interpass temperature
- W.5.3 Increases to maximum interpass temperatur...
- + W.5.4 FCAW electrodes
- W.5.4.1
- W.5.4.2
- W.5.4.3
- + W.6 Weld tabs
- W.6.1 Minimum length
- + W.6.2 Removal
- W.6.2.1
- W.6.2.2
- W.6.2.3
- W.6.3 Continuity plates
- W.6.4 End dams
- Figure W.6.1
- Figure W.6.2
- W.7 Beam bottom flange welding sequence
- + W.8 Repair of gouges and notches
- W.8.1 Repair by grinding
- W.8.2 Repair by welding
- W.8.3 Engineer approval
- + W.9 Demand critical welds
- W.9.1 Welding processes
- + W.9.2 Weld metal
- W.9.2.1 Mechanical properties
- W.9.2.2 Lowest anticipated service temperature ...
- W.9.2.3 Testing source
- W.9.2.4 Filler metal lot control
- W.9.2.5 Exceptions
- W.9.3 Heat input limits
- W.9.4 Additional welding procedure data sheet r...
- + W.9.5 FCAW electrode packaging, storage and exp...
- W.9.5.1 Packaging condition
- W.9.5.2 Modification of electrodes
- W.9.5.3 Exposure time limits
- W.9.5.4 Overexposed FCAW electrode
- W.9.6 Tack welds
- + W.9.7 Weld access holes
- W.9.7.1 Dimensions and surface finish
- W.9.7.2 Special geometry
- W.9.7.3 Notches and gouges
- W.9.7.4 Repair of notches by welding
- W.9.8 Removal of backing and weld root treatmen...
- W.9.9 Reinforcing fillet welds at removed weld ...
- + W.9.10 Fillet welds at left-in-place steel back...
- W.9.10.1 Minimum fillet weld size
- W.9.10.2 Prohibited welds on left-in-place stee...
- W.9.10.3 Correction of mislocated welds at back...
- W.9.11 Removal of welds
- + W.10 Intermix CVN testing of filler metal combi...
- W.10.1 General
- W.10.2 Filler metal essential variables
- Table W.10.1
- Table W.10.2
- W.10.3 Test plate details
- W.10.4 Welding of test assembly
- W.10.5 Test specimens required
- W.10.6 CVN specimen location
- W.10.7 Acceptance criteria for all welds
- + W.10.8 Acceptance criteria for demand critical ...
- Figure W.10.1
- Figure W.10.2
- + W.11 Welding procedure heat input envelope test...
- W.11.1 General
- W.11.2 Testing procedures
- W.11.3 Preheat and interpass temperature
- W.11.4 Test plate details
- W.11.5 Welding of test plate
- W.11.6 Heat input
- W.11.7 Warpage
- W.11.8 Thermal treatment
- W.11.9 Test specimens required
- + W.11.10 Acceptance criteria
- W.11.10.1 Strength and ductility requirements
- W.11.10.2 CVN toughness requirements
- Figure W.11.1
- Table W.11.1
- Table W.11.2
- + Annex X (normative)
- + X.1 General
- X.1.1 Scope
- X.1.2 Techniques
- X.1.3 Written procedure requirements
- X.1.4 Variations
- X.1.5 Supplementary radiographic requirements
- X.1.6 Extent of examination
- X.1.6.1
- X.1.6.2
- X.1.6.3
- X.2 Personnel qualification
- + X.3 Equipment
- + X.3.1 Conventional ultrasonic instrument
- X.3.1.1 Periodic equipment calibration
- + X.3.2 Phased array ultrasonic instrument
- X.3.2.1 Periodic equipment calibration
- X.3.3 Straight beam search units
- X.3.4 Conventional angle beam search units
- X.3.5 Phased array angle beam search units
- + X.4 Calibration standards and couplant
- X.4.1 Distance and angle calibrations
- X.4.2 Angle beam TCG
- X.4.3 Straight beam TCG
- X.4.4 Material
- X.4.5 Cleanliness
- X.4.6 Couplant
- + X.5 Calibration for examination
- X.5.1 General
- X.5.2 Straight beam for base metal examination
- + X.5.3 Conventional angle beam
- X.5.3.1 Velocity and zero offset (probe delay)
- X.5.3.2 Beam index point
- X.5.3.3 Beam angle
- X.5.3.4 Reference sensitivity
- + X.5.4 Conventional straight beam
- X.5.4.1 Velocity and zero offset (probe delay)
- X.5.4.2 Reference sensitivity
- + X.5.5 Phased array angle beam
- X.5.5.1 Phased array focal laws
- X.5.5.2 Velocity
- X.5.5.3 Wedge delay
- X.5.5.4 Reference sensitivity
- X.5.6 Sensitivity correction
- X.5.7 Calibration and search unit checks
- + X.6 Preparation for testing
- X.6.1 Surface preparation
- X.6.2 Marking
- X.6.3 Base metal examination
- + X.7 Weld examination procedure
- X.7.1 Scanning level
- X.7.2 Conventional and phased array angle beam ...
- X.7.2.1 Scanning procedure
- + X.7.3 Straight beam weld examination
- X.7.3.1 Straight beam scanning procedure
- X.7.4 Limited access for examination
- + X.8 Evaluation of indications
- X.8.1 Indication amplitude and rating
- X.8.2 Flaw length
- X.8.3 Flaw disposition
- + X.8.4 Alternate evaluation techniques
- X.8.4.1 Marking
- X.9 Repair and re-examination
- + X.10 Preparation and disposition of reports
- X.10.1.1
- X.10.1.2
- Table X.1
- Table X.2
- Table X.3
- Table X.4
- Figure X.1
- Figure X.2
- Figure X.3
- Figure X.4
- Figure X.5
- Figure X.6
- Figure X.7
- Figure X.8
- Figure X.9
- Figure X.10
- Figure X.11
- Figure X.12
- + Annex Y (Normative)
- + Y.1 General
- Y.1 1 Scope
- Y.1.2 Techniques
- Y.1.3 Written procedure requirements
- Y.1.4 Variations
- Y.1.5 Supplementary radiographic requirements
- + Y.1.6 Extent of examination
- Y.1.6.1
- Y.1.6.2
- Y.1.6.3
- Y.2 Personnel qualification
- + Y.3 Equipment
- + Y.3.1 Phased array ultrasonic instrument
- Y.3.1.1 Periodic equipment calibration
- Y.3.2 Straight beam search units
- Y.3.3 Phased array search units
- Y.3.4 Scanner
- + Y.4 Calibration standards and couplant
- Y.4.1 Distance and angle calibrations
- Y.4.2 Angle beam TCG
- Y.4.3 Straight beam TCG
- Y.4.4 Material and surface condition
- Y.4.6 Couplant
- + Y.5 Scan plan and focal laws
- Y.5.1 Focal laws
- + Y.6 Calibration for examination
- Y.6.1 General
- Y.6.2 Straight beam calibration for base metal ...
- + Y.6.3 Phased array angle beam calibration for w...
- Y.6.3.1 Velocity
- Y.6.3.2 Wedge delay
- Y.6.3.3 Reference sensitivity
- Y.6.3.4 Angle beam transfer correction
- + Y.6.4 Phased array straight beam calibration fo...
- Y.6.4.1 Velocity and wedge delay
- Y.6.4.2 Reference sensitivity
- Y.6.4.3 Straight beam transfer correction
- Y.6.5 Sensitivity correction
- Y.6.6 Encoder calibration
- Y.6.7 Calibration and search unit checks
- + Y.7 Preparation for testing
- Y.7.1 Surface preparation
- Y.7.2 Marking
- Y.7.3 Base metal examination
- + Y.8 Weld examination procedure
- Y.8.1 Reference level
- Y.8.2 Encoded phased array weld examination
- Y.8.3 Limited access for examination
- + Y.9 Evaluation of indications
- Y.9.1 Flaw amplitude rating
- Y.9.2 Flaw depth
- Y.9.3 Flaw height
- Y.9.4 Flaw start position and length
- Y.9.5 Flaw index position
- Y.9.6 Flaw characterization
- Y.9.7 Flaw disposition
- Y.9.8 Marking
- Y.10 Repair and re-examination
- + Y.11 Preparation and disposition of reports
- Figure Y.1
- Figure Y.2
- Figure Y.3
- Figure Y.4
- Figure Y.5
- Figure Y.6
- Figure Y.7
- + Annex Z (informative)
- Z.1 General
- Z.2 Typical material specifications
1.1
This Standard covers welding requirements for carbon and low-alloy welded steel construction, with the exception of those types listed in Clause 1.2.
Requirements that are essentially common to all such structures are covered in Clauses 3 to 10, while provisions applying specifically to statically-loaded structures and to cyclically-loaded structures are included in Clauses 11 and 12, respectively.
1.2
This Standard is not intended to apply to pressure vessels or to structures governed by special codes such as those of the American Petroleum Institute, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, or the American Water Works Association.
1.3
This Standard includes provisions for the following:
a) shielded metal arc welding (SMAW);
b) submerged arc welding (SAW);
c) gas metal arc welding (GMAW);
d) gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW);
e) flux-cored arc welding (FCAW);
f) metal-cored arc welding (MCAW);
g) electroslag welding (ESW);
h) electrogas welding (EGW); and
i) stud welding (SW) processes.
1.4
The provisions of this Standard are not intended for use with steels having a specified minimum yield strength over 700 MPa (100 000 psi).
1.5
This Standard applies to the welding of base metals 3 mm (1/8 in) and thicker. In cases where base metals less than 3 mm (1/8 in) thick are to be welded to base metals 3 mm (1/8 in) and thicker, the requirements of AWS D1.3/AWS D1.3M and this Standard apply. In the case of any conflict between AWS D1.3/AWS D1.3M and this Standard, the requirements of this Standard govern.
Note: In cases where base metals less than 3 mm (1/8 in) thick are to be welded to base metals less than 3 mm (1/8 in), the requirements of AWS D1.3/AWS D1.3M may be appropriate.
1.6
This Standard does not address safety problems associated with welding and welding practices.
Note: CSA W117.2 addresses safety in welding, cutting, and allied processes, and should be followed in addition to any applicable workplace health and safety legislation in effect. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7
This Standard does not address the welding of stainless steels. For welding of stainless steel, the provisions of AWS D1.6/AWS D1.6M may be used for the design of welded connections, prequalification, fabrication, and inspection.
Note: See CSA W47.1 for guidance related to the qualification of welding personnel and welding procedures for stainless steel.
1.8
This Standard does not address underwater welding activities.
1.9
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.10
The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.
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